Week 2

• Cocci - (plural) Spherical oval or round-shaped bacteria
• diplococci - in pairs cocci
• streptococci - in chains cocci
• staphylococci - in cluster chain
• tetrad - in groups of four of cocci
• octad - in groups of eight of cocci
• bacilli - rod-shaped
• spirilla - spiral in shape
• What is the shape of Salmonella?

  bacilli
• What is the shape of E.coli ?

  Bacilli
• What is the shape of Treponema Pallidum?

  spirilla
• Glycocalyx - outermost covering of some bacteria
• Glycocalyx - referred to as CAPSULE
• Outer membrane – gram negative bacteria’s outer membrance is composed of LPS
• Outer membrane – there is a lipid portion in LPS (Lipid A) responsible for endotoxin production
• Endotoxin - a lipid-coated bacterial cell wall component that can cause inflammation
• Exotoxin - a toxin produced by a bacterium that is not normally found in the body
• Murein Sacculus -principal component of bacterial cell wall is PEPTIDOGLYCAN
• Cell wall - gives shape to bacteria
• Periplasmic Space - fluid filled space
• Periplasmic Space - has enzyme for breakdown of large molecule and transport protein for regulation of osmolality of cells
• Cytoplasmic Membrane – “plasma membrane or cell membrane”
• Cytoplasmic Membrane – located beneath the cell wall sometimes called CELL SACK because it encloses the cytoplasm of the cell
• Cytoplasmic Membrane – Carries enzymes Involve in selective permeability Active transport of molecules in and out of the bacterial cell
• Pilus - thread like structure that projects from the capsule, for adherence to cell surface
• Pilus - attachment during conjugation (sex pilus)
• Commonly seen in gram-negative organisms

  Pili
• Whip like structures and organs for motility

  Axial Filaments and Flagella
• monotrichus -single polar flagellum
• lophotrichous -a tuft of flagella at one end of bacterium
• amphitrichous -flagella at both ends of the bacterium
• peritrichous -flagella all around the bacillus
• atrichous - without flagellum
• Nucleoid -– does not contain a nucleoplasm/nuclear membrane , contains genetic material (DNA)
• Mesosome - for cell division involve in secretion of substance by the bacterium
• Ribosomes -– sites for protein synthesis target or site for the action of antibiotics
• Endospores - has DIPICOLINIC ACID resistant to heat, drying, chemicals agents & radiation, and difficult to destroy
• Carbon – makes up the structure backbone(skeleton)
• autotrophs (lithotrophs) –inorganic salts and water as their sole source of carbon
• Endotoxin - gram negative

  Exotoxin - gram positive