geography 2.1-2.3, 5.1-5.3

• LEDC: (less Economically Developed Country): country where the level of development is relatively low
• MEDC: (More Economically Developed Country): country where the level of development is relatively high
• The North: the area north of the 30 northern latitude line where we can find most of the MEDC
• The South: the area south of the 30 northern latitude line whee we can find most of the LEDC
• newly industrialising countries: countries whose level of development are between an LEDC and an MEDC; more and more people work in factories here
• regional disparities: differences in the level of development between regions in one country
• rural-urban migration: people migrate from rural areas (the countryside) to urban areas (cities)
• slums: areas of a city where lots of people live close to each other in poorly-built houses
• economic migration: a form of migration in which migrants move for economic reasons
• gross domestic product (GDP) : the total value of all products and services produced bay a country
• GDP per capita: the total GDP of a country divided by the number of citizens in that country
• primary sector: the employment sector in which people earn their money by working in agriculture, mining, forestry or fishing
• secondary sector: the employment sector in which people earn their money by working in a factory
• tertiary sector: the employment sector in which people earn their money by providing services
• informal sector: the employment sector in which people perform a job that is not registered and where no tax is paid on
• purchasing power: the amount of goods and services you can buy with a certain amount of money
• wealth: having financial resources to fulfil your needs
• basic necessities: the essentials a person needs to survive
• sanitation: facilities for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces in order to prevent diseases
• education: the act or process of obtaining knowledge, often within a school system
• healthcare: the prevention and treatment of illness often done by medical organisations like a hospital
• poverty trap: a negative spiral of effects that keep a person poor
• human development indicators: signal that show how good or bad the life situation is of a human
• infant mortality rate: the number of children dying under one year of age per 1,000 live births
• literacy rate: the number of people in a country that can read and write
• physician density: number of physicians per 1,000 inhabitants
• life expectancy: the average number of years that a person can expect to live
• human development index (HDI): a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall level of development
• absolute poverty: the condition in which a person lacks one or more of the basic necessities. often measured by living on less than 1.25 dollars a day
• relative poverty: the condition in which a person cannot maintain the average standard of living in the society he/she lives in
• population distribution: the pattern of where people live in an area
• densely populated: many people live close to each other in these places
• sparsely populated: few people live in these places
• population density: the number of people per km2
• demography: the science of human population
• birth rate: the number of babies born in a year per 1,000 inhabitants
• death rate: the number of deaths in a year per 1,000 inhabitants
• natural increase: the difference between births and deaths, given as a percentage
• net migration: the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants
• population diagram: a diagram showing how a population is divided up by gender and age