once a cell becomes differentiated it only expresses the genesthatproducetheproteins characteristics for that type of cell. differentiation cells are important as they are able to perform aspecialised function in the body
Only in plant cells: cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
I’m both plant and animal cells cytoplasm, nucleus, cellmembrane,mitochondria, ribsomes
active transport is the movement of molecules across a partiallypermeablemembrane from a lower concentration to a higher concentration this requires energy
Vacuole is filled with sap to help keep the cell turgid
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
mitochondria respirationtakesplacehere
Cell membrane controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
Nucleus contains the genetic material which controls the activity of the cell
Cell wallstrengthens the cell
factors affecting rate of diffusion: temperature (higher the temperaturefaster the rate) concentration gradient (bigger the concentration gradientfaster the rate) SA:V ratio (larger the SA:V ratio the fasttherate of diffusion)
Advantages of stem cells: treating patients with otherwise untreatable conditions, helps improve overall medical research, helps grow organs for transplants
Disadvantages of stem cells: no guaranteeon success rate, difficulty finding donors, mutations in stem cells
Cytoplasm most chemical processes take place here carried out by enzymes
Ribosomes protein synthesis takes place here
Chloroplasts photosynthesis takes place here
Osmosis is a special case of diffusion involving water molecules moving from an area of high water potential to areas of low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane
levels of organisation, organelles (nucleus, mitochondria etc) cells (plant,animal) tissues (group of cells) organs (group of tissue) system (group of organs)