DNA replication

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously as short fragments called Okazaki fragments.
• Replication occurs at multiple origins of replication throughout the genome.
• Lagging strand synthesis starts from the center of the chromosome towards both ends (replication fork).
• Primase enzyme produces RNA primer at the origin of replication.
• RNA primers serve as starting points for DNA synthesis on both strands.
• DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing chain during elongation.
• DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing new strands during DNA replication.
• DNA polymerase III is responsible for the synthesis of leading strands, while DNA polymerase I fills gaps between Okazaki fragments on lagging strands.
• The process of DNA replication involves unwinding the double helix, separating the two strands, adding nucleotides to create new complementary strands, and joining them back together.
• Primase enzyme produces RNA primer at the origin of replication.
• DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing chain during replication.
• Leading strand synthesis starts from both ends (replication fork) towards the center of the chromosome.
• DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing chain during elongation phase.
• Leading strand synthesis begins at origin of replication and proceeds toward the end of the chromosome.
• DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing chain using the parental DNA strand as a template.
• RNA primers are added to initiate synthesis on the lagging strand.
• DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing chain using the parental DNA strands as templates.
• Helicases unwind double-stranded DNA into single strands.
• Helicase unwinds double-stranded DNA into two single strands.
• RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA sequences during elongation.
• The leading strand grows continuously, while the lagging strand grows discontinuously due to its orientation relative to the replication fork.
• Topoisomerases relieve tension caused by uncoiling of DNA.
• Helicases separate the two strands of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
• Single-stranded binding proteins stabilize single-stranded regions of DNA.
• Okazaki fragments are short segments of newly synthesized DNA that form the lagging strand and are joined together by ligases to form one continuous strand.