CIS Test 1

• The Central Processing Unit (CPU), commonly known as the brain of the computer, is responsible for executing instructions and managing data processing. It consists of two primary components: the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations, and the Control Unit, which coordinates and controls the flow of data within the system.
• Adjacent to the CPU is the Random Access Memory (RAM), where temporary data is stored for quick access. This is facilitated by Binary Digits (Bits), the smallest unit of data, and groups of eight bits form a Byte.
• The Storage Drives, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs), serve as long-term data repositories. These storage devices permanently hold the computer's data, including the Operating System (OS) and Software Applications.
• User interaction with the computer is facilitated through Input Devices, which include keyboards and mice, serving as input mechanisms. Conversely, Output Devices such as monitors and printers deliver processed information to the user.
• The Operating System (OS) acts as an intermediary between the hardware and the user, managing resources and enabling the execution of Software Applications like word processors and web browsers.
• The Systems Unit, consisting of the CPU, RAM, and storage drives, interprets and converts visual data for display on the monitor. The Video Card handles graphics rendering, while the Network Card manages network connections.
• Other essential components include the Motherboard, Bit, Byte, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Bus, and additional cards such as Memory Card, Sound Card, and Modem Card. The Bus facilitates communication between components, and ROM provides non-volatile storage, ensuring the computer's basic functions are intact during startup.
• In summary, the Systems Unit orchestrates the computer's operations, utilizing various hardware components like the CPU, RAM, and storage drives. These components collectively contribute to the fundamental process of information storage, processing, and retrieval within the computer system.
• Processor interprets & carries out
• Memory holds data waiting to be processed & instruction waiting to be

  executed.
• Processor & Memory are connected to a circuit board called the

  motherboard.
• Adapter cards (expansion slots): are circuit boards that provide

  connections and functions not built into the motherboard.
• Devices outside the system unit often attach to the ports.
• A drive bay holds one or more disk drive.
• The Power supply provide the computer with the electricity.
• Volatile memory -

  Loses its contents .

  Temporary memory.

  Example, RAM.
• Nonvolatile memory-

  doesn't lose its content when power is removed

  form the computer.

  Permanent memory.

  Example, ROM, Flash memory, and CMOS.
• BUSES :a set of electronic signal pathways that allows

  information and signals to travel between

  components inside or outside of a computer.