Cloning and biotechnology

• What is the oldest known recipe for beer?

  A 3900-year-old poem
• Who coined the term biotechnology?

  Karoly Ereky
• What is biotechnology?

  The use of living organisms in industrial processes
• What did Karoly Ereky describe with the term biotechnology?

  Technological processes using living organisms
• When was biotechnology first coined?

  In 1919
• What microorganism is used to ferment maltose in brewing?

  Yeast
• What bacterium was used to produce acetone during World War I?

  Clostridium acetobutylicum
• What fungus was used to manufacture penicillin during World War II?

  Penicillium notatum
• How did DNA technology impact biotechnology?

  It expanded the field significantly
• What are the four main areas where microorganisms are used in biotechnology?

  1. Food production
  2. Pharmaceutical drugs
  3. Enzymes
  4. Other products
• What organism is used to produce ethanol in beer and wine?

  Yeast (S. cerevisiae)
• What is lactic acid used for in biotechnology?

  Making yoghurt and cheese
• What filamentous fungus is used to make Quorn™?

  Fusarium venenatum
• What is penicillin derived from?

  Penicillium fungus
• What are some advantages of using microorganisms in biotechnology?

  They are cheap and easy to grow
• Why is the production process using microorganisms safer?

  It occurs at normal atmospheric pressure
• How do microorganisms contribute to sustainability in biotechnology?

  They can be fed by-products from other industries
• How quickly can some microorganisms reproduce under ideal conditions?

  Every 30 minutes
• What are the advantages of using microorganisms in biotechnology?

  • Cheap and easy to grow
  • Lower temperature production
  • Normal atmospheric pressure
  • Independent of climate
  • Can utilize by-products from other industries
  • Rapid reproduction rates
• What is the role of enzymes in microorganisms used in biotechnology?

  They aid in specific production processes
• What conditions are suitable for enzyme action in microorganisms?

  Appropriately controlled conditions
• What is biotechnology?

  The use of living organisms in industrial processes
• What is the oldest known recipe for beer?

  A 3900-year-old poem
• Who coined the term biotechnology?

  Karoly Ereky
• What did Karoly Ereky describe with the term biotechnology?

  Technological processes using living organisms
• When was the term biotechnology first used?

  In 1919
• How long ago was beer first produced?

  7000 years ago
• What microorganism is used in brewing?

  Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
• What was the use of Clostridium acetobutylicum during World War I?

  To produce acetone for explosives
• What was penicillin manufactured from during World War II?

  Penicillium notatum fungus
• How has DNA technology impacted biotechnology?

  It expanded biotechnology's applications significantly
• What are the four main areas where microorganisms are used in biotechnology?

  Food, pharmaceutical drugs, enzymes, other products
• What are the advantages of using microorganisms in biotechnology?

  They are cheap, easy to grow, and safe
• How do microorganisms contribute to cost savings in production processes?

  They operate at lower temperatures and pressures
• Why can biotechnology processes occur anywhere in the world?

  They are not dependent on climate conditions
• How quickly can some microorganisms reproduce under ideal conditions?

  Every 30 minutes
• What are the controlled conditions necessary for enzyme action in microorganisms?

  • Appropriate temperature
  • Correct pH levels
  • Sufficient nutrients
• How can microorganisms be genetically modified in biotechnology?

  They can be modified easily for specific processes