introduction

• Electronics is the science dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.
• Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other charged particles.
• Electronic devices include Radio and TV receivers, Audio and Video Players, Calculators, Mobile Phones, etc.
• Computers are a major achievement in electronics, with all techniques and devices making use of electronics.
• RELIABILITY and PRECISION are key factors in electronics, impacting various industries such as industrial operations, medical diagnostics and surgery, laboratory practice, and the development of communication facilities.
• Electronics has made measuring devices more reliable, accurate, and easy to handle.
• Automatic control systems are used in industrial applications of electronics.
• Computers are used in reservations in railways and airways.
• Power stations are controlled by tiny electronic devices and circuits.
• Electronic commerce over the internet, known as e-commerce, has a significant impact on large sectors such as communications, finance, retail trade, education, and health services.
• Electronics interface allows e-commerce merchants to check that an order is internally consistent and that the order, receipt, and invoice match.
• Electronic waste, also known as e-waste, is a global issue, with an exponential growth in the global market of electrical and electronic equipment, resulting in a fast growing surplus of electronic waste around the globe.
• Electronic waste comprises of a multitude of components, some containing toxic substances that can have an adverse impact on human health and the environment if not handled properly.