Anatomical Position

• Anatomical Position refers to a person standing upright with face directed forward,the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
• Right- towards the body's right side
• Left- towards the body's left side
• Inferior - below

  Superior - above
• Anterior - towards the front of the body

  Posterior - towards the back of the body
• Dorsal- toward the back (synonymous with posterior)

  Ventral- toward the belly (synonymous with anterior)
• Proximal- Closer to the point of attachment

  Distal- Farther from a point of attachment
• Lateral- Away form midline of the body

  Medial- Toward the middle or midline of the body
• Superficial- toward or on the surface

  Deep- Away form the surface, internal
• Planes:

  Sagittal plane - runs vertically through body and separate it into right and left part.

  Median plane- a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves

  Transverse/ Horizontal Plane- runs parallel to the surface of ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.

  Frontal/ coronal plane- runs vertically form right to left and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
• Sections:

  Longitudinal - cut along the length of the organ

  Transverse/ cross section - cut completely through an organ, similar to cutting a hot dog into round pieces

  Oblique- a cut is made diagonally across the long axis
• Trunk Cavities:

  Thoracic cavity - surrounded by rib cage and separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm.

  Abdominal Cavity- bounded primarily by abdominal muscles; contains stomach, intestines,liver, spleen, pancreas and kidney.

  Pelvic cavity - a small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis, contains the urinary bladder,part of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs.
• Serous membrane:

  Visceral - membranes that are in contact with organs.

  Parietal - membrane that are in contact with the walls of cavity.
• Serous membrane:

  Parietal - membrane that are in contact with the walls of cavity
• Transverse Cavity:

  Pelvic cavity - a small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis, contains the urinary bladder,part of the large intestine and the internal reproductive organs