FCE

• factors influencing depth of foundation:

  1. min. depth
  2. neighbouring buildings
  3. frezzing zone
  4. depth of load bearing capacity of soil
  5. functional requirements
• factors influencing HYDROINSULATION: (4)

  1. permability of water
  2. ability to connect
  3. durability elonagtion
• Division of walls:

  1. stiffening walls
  2. structural walls
  3. homogeneous walls
• external walls

  1. structural
  2. infill
• purlin


  płatew
• Types of ceelings:

  1. beams
  2. gęstożebrowe - densely ribbed
  3. płytowo-żebrowe 
  4. płytowe.
• horizontal dilatation

  for acoustic insulation

  • separated with elastic layers
• cracks in external walls of buildings, at corners of windows

  non-homogenous soil under the structure
• types of wood connections

  • jaskółka
  • tongue and grove
  • overlap (cheap)
• hydroinsulation types

  • light-weight (1 layer)
  • medium-weight (2 layers)
  • heavy-weight (3 layers)
• rozstaw belek w stropach stalowych (2)

  przy wypełnineiu płytkami ceramicznymi 120-150 cm

  przy użyciu płyt żelbetowych ok. 150
• angle of reporse

  • silt 19
  • gravel 25-30
  • sandy clay 15
• angle of reporse for excavation

  30
• medium hydro.

  water contact, no water pressure
• heavy hydro.

  water pressure

  3 layers of bitumen on paper
• lightweight hydro.


  1 layer of bitumen enclosed with 2 layer of paper

  usually vapour insulation
• permable ground and water effects

  GWL below foundation

  + heavy rain

  GWL can shift to higher level
• how to improve permability of ground

  add pipe at the middle of foundation foot

  • below the lowest level of HORIZONTAL hydroinsulation in the foundation
• Static load types

  • load of construction elements
  • own load
• changeable loads types

  • dynamic loads (wind, thermal)
  • snow load
  • machines in storage
• direct foundations:

  • strip foundation (ława)
  • foot foundations
  • plate
  • ruszty fundamentowe
• indirect foundation:

  • studnie fundamentowe
  • piles {pale fundamentowe
• kiedy dajemy dylatacje

  • kiedy możemy spodziewać sie nie równego osiadania budynku
  • with very big differences in buildings weight
• studnie fundamentowe głębokość:

  • do 60 cm diameter
  • głębokość do 40 metrów
• ile można obniżyć poziom posadowienia

  • max. 1 metr
• ways of attaching thermal insulation to the structural wall:

  1. hooks
  2. glue
  3. anchors
  4. mineral woold with discs and rendres
• triple layer wall (layers):

  • bricks
  • thermal
  • structural
  • condensation in thermal layerv moisture cannot escape
  • thermal attached witha anchors