Proteins & Enzymes

Created by

Malkin

Cards (55)

What is the job of proteins?
transport of hormones, movement, cell recognition
How many natural occurring amino acids are there?
20
What is another name for the R group?
side chain
What group in the natural occurring amino acids changes?
R group
What bonds are formed between amino acids?
peptide bonds
What is the amine group?
H2N
What is this structure called?
glycine
What is this structure called?
valine
What elements does proteins contain?
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur
How many protein structures are there?
4
What is the definition of primary structure in proteins?
order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
What are the intermolecular bonds between the primary structure of protein?
hydrogen & sulfur
What is the definition of secondary structure in proteins?
peptide chain; a NH bond and C = O
What are the two types that a secondary structure chain can become?
alpha helix & beta pleated sheet
Why does the alpha helix from the secondary structure of protein coil?
attraction between N- H & C = O
What is the definition of tertiary structures in protein?
bonding between the R-group gives rise to a 3D shape
What are the intermolecular bonds between the tertiary structure of protein? 
hydrogen & ionic & disulphide
What is the definition of quaternary structure of proteins?
polypeptide and non - protein groups combine
What is an example of quaternary structure of proteins?
haemoglobin
What causes the change in amino acids sequences?
different hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, disulphide bridges interaction
What is the definition of activation energy?
minimum amount of energy required to start a reaction to form a product
What is the lock and key theory?
substrate fits into only certain enzymes active sites that share the same shape
What are 3 differences between lock and key theory & induced fit theory?
moulds the shape of substrate & substrate is able to bind to different enzymes & lower activation energy
What are similarities between the lock and key theory & induced fit theory?
both made of protein & specific enzymes are needed
What is it called when substrate binds to an enzyme?
enzyme-substrate complex
What does the enzyme-substrate complex do to the activation energy?
lowers
What are the 5 factors that affect an enzyme?
temperature & ph level & enzyme concentration & substrate concentration & inhibitants
What happens to the enzyme if the temperature is too low?
not enough kinetic energy for the particles to move fast enough for successful collisions to form an enzyme-substrate complex
What happens to the enzyme if the temperature is too high?
denatures because bonds holding the amino acids in a fixed 3D position are broken enzyme-substrate does not form
What happens to the enzyme if the PH level is too high?
too many OH- ; interferes with charges in amino acids in active site so ionic & hydrogen bonds are broken
What happens to the enzyme if the PH level is too low?
too many H+ ; interferes with charges of amino acids in active site so ionic & hydrogen bonds are broken
What does enzyme concentration mean?
not enough substrate
What does substrate concentration mean?
not enough enzymes
What are the three types of inhibitants for enzymes?
competitive & noncompetitive & noncompetitive
What is the meaning for competitive inhibitor in enzymes?
molecule that competes with the substrate and bind to the active site
What is the meaning for uncompetitive inhibitor in enzymes?
does not compete with the substrate to the active site - binds to active site causing a change in shape of the active site
What does both uncompetitive and competitive inhibitors cause?
prevents formation of enzyme-substrate complex
Why does competitive inhibitors realign with the enzyme?
substrate will out-compete inhibitor for active site
What are the two big steps in Protein Synthesis?
transcription & translation
What is the definition of Genome?
complete set of genes in acell