Monomers & Polymers

• What is the food test for Starch?

  iodine
• What is the results for a Starch Food Test?

  + blue/black - orange/black
• What is the food test for Sugars?

  benedicts
• What is the results for Sugars Food Test?

  + brick red
• What is the food test for Protein?

  buiret
• What is the results for a Protein Food Test?

  + purple - blue
• What is the food test for Ethanol?

  emulsion test
• What is the results of an Ethanol Food Test?

  forms a fatty white/cloudy emulsion
• What is a monomer?

  single repeated unit that makes up polymers
• What is a polymer?

  large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers
• What is a scientific name for simple sugars?

  monosaccharides & polysaccharides
• What is hydrolysis?

  chemical reaction that breaks down a compound by adding water
• What is condensation?

  sub-unit is added water molecule is also added
• What is a disaccharide?

  two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic link
• What are examples of a disaccharide?

  sucrose, maltose, lactose
• What is an isomer?

  same molecular formula different structural formula
• What are examples of an isomer?

  alpha glucose & beta glucose
• What are 3 features of a monosaccharide?

  single unit, soluble, used for energy
• What is this isomer called?

  beta glucose

  
• What reaction occurs during the formation of maltose?

  condensation
• What is maltose made up of?

  glucose (A) + glucose (A)
• What is sucrose made up of?

  glucose (A) + fructose
• What is lactose made up of?

  glucose (A) + galactose
• Recount the test for (Benedicts) Reducing sugars?

  1. grind food in distilled water
  2. filter solid food particles
  3. 3cm3 of food solution into boiling tube
  4. +3cm3 of benedicts solution
  5. place tube 5 minutes in water bath
• Recount the test for (Benedicts) Non-reducing sugars?

  1. benedicts solution (first test was a fail)
  2. use same food solution (3cm3)
  3. add 3cm3 of hydrochloric acid
  4. gently boil in water bath for 5 minutes
  5. add 3cm3 of dilute alkali
  6. use ph paper to check alkaline
  7. repeat benedicts last steps
• What cell is starch & cellulose found in?

  plant cells
• What cell is glucose found in?

  animal cells
• What are the monosaccharides that make up starch?

  glucose (A)
• What are the monosaccharides that make up cellulose?

  glucose (B)
• What are the monosaccharides that make up glycogen?

  glucose (A)
• What are examples of polysaccharides?

  glycogen, cellulose, starch
• Which two polysaccharides are insoluble?

  starch & glycogen
• What does insoluble help do?

  lack of affect in water
• What does cellulose do?

  provides strength to cell wall
• What is starch made of and what is its percentage of each made up of?

  25% amylose & 75% amylopectin
• What are features of polysaccharides?

  large molecules, complex, insoluble
• What is the number of glycosidic bonds in starch?

  1 to 4 & 1 to 6
• What is the number of glycosidic bonds in cellulose?

  only 1 to 4
• What is the shape of amylose?

  helix
• What does this structure of amylose help do?

  able to compact - more glucose