Volcano and climate

• The Philippines is situated between two tectonic plates, namely, the Philippines Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
• Volcano comes from the Italian word "vulcano", which means "Burning mountain"
• There are three types of volcanoes based on their shape: shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes (stratovolcanoes), and cinder cone volcanoes.
• Cinder cone volcanoes are small conical-shaped mountains formed by repeated eruptions of viscous lava and gas.
• A caldera is a large crater-like depression at the summit of a volcano caused by collapse due to magma withdrawal or explosive eruption.
• Composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes have acidic and sticky lava.
• Shield volcanoes are formed from non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad-sides and shield-like structure
• Active volcanoes are volcanoes that are currently erupting or have recently erupted.
• Dormant volcanoes are volcanoes that have not erupted in a long time but is expected to.
• Extinct volcanoes have not had any eruption for a long time and is expected not to.
• • Volcano is a vent, hill or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials onto Earth's surface.
• Caldera - A volcanic depression much larger than the original crater.
• parts of the volcano

  
• Main Vent - It is where magma passes through from the magma chamber to reach Earth's surface.
• Magma Chamber - This is a large reservoir that stores molten rock (magma) prior to eruption.
• Crater - It is a bowl-shaped depression produced by volcanic activity and explosion.
• Secondary cone - This is formed when lava and ashes escape from smaller vents; It is also known as parasitic cones.
• Lahar - It is a mudflow or debris flow composed of pyroclastic material mixed with water, usually originating near a volcano.
• Pyroclastic Flow - It is an extremely hot mixture of ash, pumice, gas, and rock fragments ejected during explosive volcanic eruptions.
• Tephra - The term used to describe all fragments of rocks and minerals ejected from a volcano.
• Cinder Cone


  Formed from volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the main vent to form a cone, which can be either circular or oval.
• Dormant Volcano 


  These volcanoes are active but not erupting; however, they are expected to erupt anytime soon.
• Extinct Volcano


  These volcanoes have not had any

  eruption in the 10,000 years and are expected not to erupt anvmore in the future.
• Composite volcano


  Composite volcanoes have acidic and sticky lava, which allows the lava to solidify without travelling very far. They are known as a STRATOVOLCANO
• • EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS involve the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low gas content.
• • EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content.
• Eruption phase

  • The pressure will start to build up inside the magma chamber and the energy starts to increase for eruption.

  
• Ending phase Caldera

  • After the eruption, the magma chamber is now empty, which may trigger the walls of conduit to weaken and to collapse into a crater or a caldera.

  
• Shield Volcano


  Formed from non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield like structures.
• PHIVOLCS

  Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
• Volcanic bombs are small fragments of molten rock that are ejected from the volcano.
• Volcanic blocks are called tephra and are made up of ash, pumice, and volcanic bombs.
• Lapilli: rock fragments ejected from a volcano. “little stones” in Latin
• Albedo principle - The sun’s heat bounces onto the ash cloud to outer space (Global cooling)
• Supercritical water is produced when molten rock and water interact.
• conventional geothermal energy uses the heat from the earth’s core to generate electricity.
• Geothermal power plants works because of this steam.
• The steam spins and turns the turbine that is connected to a generator, which produces electricity.
• The used hot water and the steam from the volcano are then returned to the ground, making this form of energy renewable.
• Indirect Use: Indirect use systems involve using geothermal heat pumps to transfer heat between the ground and buildings, providing both heating and cooling.