Cancer cells

• Cancer cells have uncontrolled proliferation
• Cancer cells are variable sizes and shapes
• Cancer cells create angiogrnesis, new blood vessels are synthesised to supply cancer
• Cancer cells secrete metabolic waste this toxifies the surrounding tissues/cells
• Cancer cells cause the orginayion of DNA to chnage
• When regulation of cell cycle fails, cancerous cells are able to form
• Cancer cells no longer respond to regulatory signals such as checkpoints, hence ot allowing apoptosis occur
• Transcription factors control transcription of genes, this effectively controls expression of genes
• Proto onco genes are healthy genes which when mutated become onco genes, these can promote cancerous tissue development
• Stage 1 of cancer is when it is small and contained to 1 tissue
• Stage 3 of cancer is when it enters the lymphnodes
• Stage 4 of cancer is when metastasis has occuree
• Metastasis is when cancerous cells enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, they travel to new locations in the body where they proliferate and lay foundations for secondary tumours
• Benign tumour is contained in one place or tissue
• When tumours grow they gain the ability to break through these boundaries and invade adjoining tissues. This is a malignant tumour
• Invasive cancer secrete proteases to digest surrounding cells to fork pathways for the cancer to progress