Arbovirus, Flavivirus, Rubivirus.

• Virus that are transferred through arthropods are known as arboviruses.
• The most common symptoms of arboviruses are fever, headache, malaise, encephalitis, and viral hemorrhagic fever.
• Reoviridae includes Coltivirus, which causes Colorado tick fever virus, eyach, Salmon river fever and Banna virus (from mosquito).
• Orbivirus includes Orungo virus, usually known for Oklahoma tick fever.
• Flavivirus includes Yellow fever (hemorrhagic fever, hepatic necrosis, icterus), Dengue (fever, exanthema, hemorrhagic fever and shock), St- Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Murray valley encephalitis, Wester Nile virus, European tick encephalitis (from tick, meningitis and skin problems).
• Japanese encephalitis, caused by Flavivirus, can cause fever, headache, malaise and other non-specific symptoms, and could also lead to hemiparesis.
• Murray Valley encephalitis, caused by Flavivirus, can cause subclinical symptoms fever, headaches, nausea, vomit, and could also lead to more serious conditions such gastrointestinal or CNS symptoms.
• Wester Nile virus, caused by Flavivirus, can cause encephalitis, and is transmitted by mosquitos.
• Rocio virus, also caused by Flavivirus, can cause encephalitis, and is transmitted by mosquitos.
• European tick encephalitis, caused by Flavivirus, begins in the skin and can cause meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, myelitis, and sequelae.
• Powassan virus, also caused by Flavivirus, can cause encephalitis, and is transmitted by ticks.
• Kyasanur forest disease, caused by Flavivirus, can cause hemorrhagic fever and is transmitted by ticks.
• Omsk hemorrhagic fever, caused by Flavivirus, can cause chills, headache, rash on soft palate, swollen glands in neck, suffusion of conjunctiva, dehydration, hypotension, and could lead to gastrointestinal or CNS symptoms.
• Bunyangvirus is a severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.
• Orthonairovirus includes crimea- congo hemorrhagic fever.
• Bunyaviridae include bunyangvirus, orthobunyavirus (California and La crosse encephalitis), orthonairovirus and phlebovirus (Rift valley fever).
• Genus Flavivirus includes European tick- borne encephalitis virus, which causes symptoms of fever, with/without exanthema, until encephalitis, hemorrhagic severe fevers, and is diagnosed through antigenic correlation complications and pathogenic presence through PCR.
• Genus Rubivirus includes the virus of Rubella which causes preschooler disease with symptoms of fever, exanthema of thin maculae, suboccipital/postauricular/cervical nodules inflammation, and healing in few days.
• Phlebovirus includes Heartland virus which causes lethargy, myalgia, headaches, nausea, diarrhea, arthralgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
• Rift valley fever virus, another type of Phlebovirus, causes fever, headache, muscle pain, liver abnormalities and can progress into hemorrhagic fever.
• Toscana virus, another type of Phlebovirus, causes headache, myalgia, meningencephalitis, encephalitis.
• Orthobunyavirus includes California encephalitis virus which causes encephalitis, fever, chills, nausea, vomit, abdominal pain.
• Vaccines for Rubella include a variant of attenuated virus.
• La crosse encephalitis virus, another type of Orthobunyavirus, causes other than common symptoms with California encephalitis, also, seizures, paralysis, brain damage.
• Rubella virus causes life- long immunity but sometimes also causes arthralgia and paresthesia.
• The virus of Rubella penetrates through inhalation and multiplies in the first respiratory area, then diffuses through blood and lymph to the endothelial- reticular system, reaches the cutis capillaries and mucosae.
• If Rubella virus is present during pregnancy, it can cause Congenital Rubella syndrome which includes tetragenic infection, blindness, deafness, severe malformations, microcephalia, mental retardation, and also purpure thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, interstitial pulmonitis.
• Rubivirus is diagnosed clinically, through antibodies search (IgM specific) hemagglutination reaction, and PCR.
• Flavivirus is RNA at + polarity, pericapsidic envelope.
• Flaviviridae includes: flavivirus, pestivirus and hepacvirus (hepatitis C).
• Vaccine of yellow fever is attenuated virus in chicken embryo.
• Togaviridae include mainly alphavirus (RNA + polarity) transmitted by mosquito.
• Arbovirus are: Reoviridae (coltivirus, orbivirus), flavivirus (dengue, yellow fever), bunyaviridae (bunyangvirus, orthobunyavirus, orthonairovirus, phlebovirus) and togaviridae (alphavirus).