Chemical changes

• Redox reactions are chemical reactions that involve both oxidation and reduction processes.
• Oxidation involves the loss of electrons, while reduction involves the gain of electrons.
• Acids are proton donors
• Bases are proton acceptors
• An alkali is a soluble base, but not all bases are soluble
• Strong acids fully dissociate/ionise
• Weak acids partially dissociate/ionise
• Examples of strong acids are: HCL, HNO3, H2SO4
• A neutralisation reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water only
• Examples of weak acids are: CH3COOH (acetic acid), NH4Cl (ammonium chloride)
• Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen
• Metal oxide + acid -> salt + water
• Acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
• Metal hydroxide + acid = salt + water
• The indicator in titrations is phenolpthalein. It is pink in alkali and colourless in acid.
• g/dm3 divided by the Mr is the mol/dm3
• The mol/dm3 multiplied by the Mr is the g/dm3