Exam 1

• Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus


  First documented textbook about brain surgery and surgery. Discovered in 1862.
• Paré


  Lower limb prosthesis. Established the cerebral origin of phantom pain.
• Ling


  Linked medical rehabilitation and functional recovery.
• Rehabilitation


  Goal is to provide people with disabilities the tools they need to attain greater independence.
• ADLs

  bathing, dressing, transferring, hygiene, feeding
• Medical Model


  Focus on disability. cure and manage. Disability is a defect that medicine must fix.
• Social Model


  Environmental issue. Society has failed to provide services to ensure adequate functioning in society.
• Individual Environment Model


  Not just medical nor just social. Combination of other two models.
• ICF


  International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

  framework for measuring health and disability at both individual and population levels.
• Impairment


  Deviation from certain generally accepted population standards of function.
• Disability 


  Any impairment, activity limitations, or participation restrictions that result from health condition or from personal, societal, or environmental factors.
• Capacity


  The amount someone can do something
• Performance


  A measurement of completing a certain task
• Disease


  Changes in structure or function of body systems. (Focus on treatment and elimination of symptoms).
• Illness


  Individual’s perception of their condition
• Acute


  Sudden onset of symptoms, short term in nature
• Chronic


  Symptoms last indefinitely, cause may not be identified
• Trajectory


  Course of health condition over time
• Course


  Nature or stages of condition. (stable, progressive, episodic, degenerative, exacerbations, remission)
• Stable


  Condition is being managed; manifestations are not progressing.
• Progressive


  Manifestations continue to progress/decline
• Episodic


  Occasional flare-ups. Manifestations not always present
• Degenerative


  Continuing breakdown of structure or function
• Exacerbations


  The periods in which manifestations become worse
• Remissions


  The periods in which symptoms remain stable or do not progress
• Self-Concept


  Tied to self-esteem and personal identity. Perception of own strengths and weaknesses.
• Self-Esteem


  Evaluative components of individual’s self-concept
• Social Identity


  Individual‘s self-concept derived from perceived membership in social groups
• Body Image

  Psychological view of body regarding appearance, sexuality, ability to perform physical tasks
• Axon


  Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body to other neurons.
• Dendrites


  Conducts nerve impulses toward cell body to from other neurons
• Afferent Neurons


  Sensory. Carries message from body to CNS
• Efferent Neurons


  Motor. Carries message from CNS to body
• Myelin sheath


  Fatty sheath surrounding neuron. Helps impulses flow smoothly
• Neurotransmitters 


  Chemicals that transfer impulse from one neuron to another across the space between 2 neurons
• Basal Ganglia


  Controls voluntary movement. Maintains posture. Reaction time.
• Cerebrum


  Largest pet of brain. 2 halves. Layer of gray matter = cortex
• Motor Cortex


  (Basal ganglia). Controls voluntary movement.
• sensory cortex


  Perceives sensory stimuli
• Frontal Lobe


  In front of each hemisphere. Initiates voluntary and skilled movements.