Ch.7

• What are the major elements most microbes are made of?

  Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, (phosphorus, and sulfur).
• How much % water are bacteria made of?

  70%. 15% is protein
• What's the difference between Heterotrophs and Autotrophs?

  Heterotrophs consume organic matter for energy, while autotrophs produce their own energy through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
• Where do chemoheterotrophs derive their energy and carbon from?

  Organic compounds
• What are examples of chemoheterotrophs?

  Saprobs and parasites
• What are saprobs?

  Decomposers
• Where do chemoorganic autotrophs found?

  Funky conditions
• Where do chemoorganic autotrophs derive their energy from?

  Organic and inorganic compounds
• Where do Lithoautotrophs derive their energy from?

  Inorganic compounds
• What are methanogens?

  Arachae that thrive off methane. They're chemoautotrophs that live in funky conditions
• What are examples of saprobes?

  Fungi and bacteria
• Describe osmosis ?

  The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Water always goes to an area of less water to achieve equilibrium
• What is solute in osmosis?

  Salt
• Why is a semi permeable membrane not fully permeable?

  Because it won't let big particles like salts, proteins, etc. go through
• Osmolysis?

  Cell bursts under high water conditions/pressure
• What is not needed for passive transport such as diffusion?

  Energy
• What is a type of diffusion?Why?

  osmosis because water goes from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
• Why would water molecules move to an area with a big amount of salt?

  Because if there's much salt water concentration is low because salt soaks up water
• What thrives passive transport?

  Concentration gradient
• What is an electronic sensor used for?

  To count the # of bacterial cells
• What is enumeration of bacteria?

  Direct bacterial cell count
• What's the difference between a symbiotic and non symbiotic relationship?

  Symbiotic: mutually beneficial relationship Non-symbiotic: no mutual benefit
• What happens during each step of the growth curve?

  Lag phase (bacteria prepare to grow), exponential growth phase, stationary phase, death phase (no nutrients).
• What are examples of symbiotic relationships?

  Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
• Turbidity?

  Cloudy
• What does it mean if something is turbid?

  You can't see through