Monera

• What is the organism we studied that belongs in Monera?

  Bacteria
• Is bacteria unicellular or multicellular?

  Unicellular
• Bacteria are found in extreme environments (high temperature, low pH)
• Bacteria can move/are...

  Motile
• How do bacteria move?

  Flagellum
• Bacteria: eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

  Prokaryotic
• Capsule function:

  Protects bacteria
• Cell wall function:

  Provides strength and support
• Cell membrane function:

  Controls what enters and leaves the cell
• Nuclear material function:

  Contains DNA
• DNA plasmid function:

  Contains genes for drug resistance
• Storage granules function:

  Store waste and food
• Flagellum function:

  Movement (motile)
• Classification of bacteria

  1. Round /coccus
  2. Rod /bacillus
  3. Spirals /spirillium
• Example of round bacteria

  Streptococcus (strep throat)
• Example of rod bacteria

  E. Coli
• Example of spiral bacteria

  Cholera
• Method of asexual reproduction by which bacteria reproduce

  Binary fission
• Daughter cells are genetically identical to each other with binary fission due to mitosis
• Binary fission

  • DNA strand replicates to form 2 identical strands of DNA
  • The cell elongates with a strand of DNA in each end of the cell
  • Cell splits into 2 similar size cells each containing an identical strand of DNA
• Bacteria divide every 20 minutes
• Mutation

  Change in genetic make up e.g sexual reproduction, cancer
• How do bacteria evolve resistance to new antibiotics?

  Mutation
• Example of photosynthetic bacteria (autotrophic)

  Purple sulfur bacteria
• Example of chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria

  Nitrogen fixing bacteria
• Example of saprophytic bacteria

  Nitrifying bacteria
• Factors affecting bacteria growth

  • Temperature
  • Oxygen
  • pH
  • External solute concentration
  • Pressure
• Most bacteria grow between

  20 - 30 °C
• Aerobic bacteria

  Need Oxygen for respiration e.g strepto -coccus
• Anaerobic bacteria

  Do not need oxygen for respiration e.g tetanus
• Facultative bacteria

  Can respite with or without oxygen e.g E. Coli
• Obligate bacteria

  Can only require in the absence of oxygen