DIGESTIEV

• PHYSICAL DIGESTION: Mastication (breaks down substances)masticate ng kanin, dinudurog ang substance, bigger to smaller particle, ngumuguya
• CHEMICAL DIGESTION: Conversion of foods into energy
• Absorption: Complete digestion (nagagamit na ng katawan yung mga na-convert na energy
• ALIMENTARY CANAL (gastrointestinal tract)

  -        starts in  mouth and ends with rectum
• Salivary glands

  -        where amylase (what makes it easier for us to swallow food) is found.
• Liver

  -        it has enzymes that are important in neutralizing our food

  -        emulsify fat, kapag sobra na yung fats sa liver(fatty liver) hindi na ito mai-emulsify and will be stored as fatty liver
• Gall bladder

  -        emulsify salts in our body
• Pancreas

  -        produces the bile pigment (which gives color in urine (urobilinogen) and feces (fecobilirubin)
• -        Urobilinogen: gives color to urine
• -        Fecobilirubin: gives color to feces
• Mesenteries

  -        protection outside our organs

  The GI tract (digestive system) is located mainly in abdominopelvic cavity
• Deciduous: (baby teeth or milk teeth) (20)
• CRANIAL NERVE IX

  -        glossopharyngeal (gag reflex)
• our stomach contains gastric acids.
• ESOPHAGUS

  -where PERISTALTIC MOVEMENT takes place.
• Peristaltic Movement helps in pushing the food forward and preventing it from moving backward.
• Food + Salivary amylase= CHYME
• GASTRIC SPHINCTER

  -sphincter na nasa ibabaw ng stomach

  -prevents backflow of acids sa taas
• CARDIA (GASTRIC CARDIA)

  -the entrance to the stomach at the bottom of the esophagus.
• LESSER CURVATURE

  -the upper right or medial border of the stomach
• GREATER CURVATURE

  -the lower left or lateral border of the stomach.
• part of stomach that is a rounded section next to the cardia. It's below your diaphragm (the dome-shaped muscle that helps you breathe) and stores gas from digestion. It can also hold food if the stomach becomes full: fundus
• part of stomach that is largest section of your stomach. In the body, your stomach contracts and begins to mix food: body
• part of the stomach that lies below the body and is the lower section of the stomach. Here, strong contractions mix food with stomach acid to create a substance called chyme: antrum
• SMALL INTESTINE

  Complete digestion takes place
• small intestine: -        Consist of duodenum, jejunum, ileum

  -        It is important because it absorbs water
• -        MICROVILI: where absorption/complete digestion occur
• LARGE INTESTINE

  also known as the colon, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from digestive residues
• Muscular movement (motility)

  -         pagkaramdam ng gutom) – pagkulo ng tiyan (Borborygmi sound)
• Borborygmi sound

  -        Sound ng pagkulo ng tyan
• chewing

  -        voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
• • Medulla oblongatawhere nanggagaling ang hunger, reflex of hunger
• swallowing

  -        coordinated activity of skeletal and smooth muscles, reflex controlled by medulla
• segmentation - -        helps to physically break up and mix contents for better digestion & absorption
• physical digestion - breaking large pieces down into smaller pieces
• chemical digestion - breaking large molecules (proteins, fats, starches, etc.) into small molecules (amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, etc.)
• enzyme = amylase
• at end of digestion in mouth, food = bolus

  BOLUS: nginuyang pagkain, nahaluan ng saliva at niluwa
• wave of reflex contractions = peristalsis
• gastric juices low pH ~2