Module: 12 Physiology

• Physiology:

  The study of life processes in an organism.
• Vegetative Organs:

  The parts of a plant (such as stems, roots, and leaves) that are NOT involed in reproduction.
• Reproductive Plant Organs:

  The parts of a plant (such as flowers, fruits, and seeds) involed in reproduction.
• Stem cells or undifferentiated cells: Cells that have not specialized in any particular function.
• Parenchyma:

  Provides storage for starches and oils the plant needs. Also involved, in metabolism.
• Collenchyma groud tissue:

  It's made of living cells with unevenly thickend cell walls that help to support young stems, roots, and petioles.
• Sclerenchyma ground tissue:

  It provides rigid support and protection. The cells up of this ground tissue are dead and have thick cells walls infused with lignin. Also help make ground tissue tough & strong.
• Stems perform three basic functions in a plant:

  1. They support and manufacture the plant’s leaves.
  2. They conduct water and nutrients to and from the leaves.
  3. They carry on photosynthesis.
• Primary Growth:

  When plants grow in length whether from roots or shoots.
• Similarities between dicot and monocot stems:

  1. Both are covered with an epidermis.
  2. They both have vascular bundles.
  3. Each stem has a cortex.
• Girdling:

  The process of cutting away a ring of inner and outer bark all the way around a tree trunk.
• Deciduous Plant:

  A plant that looses its leaves for winter.
• Water is used essentially for

  ( 4 ) processes:

  Photosynthesis, turgor pressure, hydrolysis, transpor.
• Nastic Movement:

  A plant’s response to a stimulus such that the direction of the response is preprogrammed and not dependent on the direction of the stimulus.
• Stimulus:

  An environment change that triggers a response.
• Pore Spaces :

  Spaces in the soil that determine how much water and air the soil can hold.
• Loam:

  A mixture of sand, silt, gravel, clay and organic matter.
• Translocation:

  The process by which organic substances move through the pholem of a plant.