Self-report

• What is the self-report method discussed in the material?

  Questionnaires
• What are questionnaires?

  A set of standardized questions for participants
• How do participants interact with questionnaires?

  They fill them in themselves
• What types of questions can questionnaires include?

  Open and closed questions
• What are open questions in questionnaires?

  Questions allowing participants to express ideas
• What type of data do open questions produce?

  Qualitative data
• What are closed questions in questionnaires?

  Questions with pre-determined answers
• What type of data do closed questions produce?

  Quantitative data
• What is a Likert scale?

  A scale indicating strength of agreement
• How is a Likert scale used in questionnaires?

  Participants indicate their level of agreement
• What is a rating scale in questionnaires?

  A scale indicating strength of feeling
• How do fixed choice options work in questionnaires?

  Participants tick from a range of options
• What is a strength of questionnaires regarding sample size?

  They can be easily distributed to obtain large samples
• Why are standardized questions a strength of questionnaires?

  They allow for easy replication and reliability checks
• What is social desirability bias in questionnaires?

  Participants give answers to appear favorable
• How does social desirability bias affect validity?

  It compromises the accuracy of findings
• What is a weakness of complex questions in questionnaires?

  They can be difficult to understand or interpret
• What are leading questions in questionnaires?

  Questions that urge participants to respond a certain way
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of open questions in questionnaires?

  Strengths:

  • Allow participants to express themselves
  • Generate in-depth qualitative data

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Time-consuming to analyze
  • Potential for misinterpretation by researchers
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of closed questions in questionnaires?

  Strengths:

  • Easy to analyze and draw conclusions
  • Can represent data statistically

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Limited expression for participants
  • Lacks deep meaning in data
• What are the two types of interviews mentioned?

  Structured and unstructured interviews
• What is the main characteristic of structured interviews?

  They use pre-determined questions asked verbally
• What is a strength of structured interviews regarding reliability?

  They contain standardized questions for replication
• How can structured interviews clarify questions for participants?

  The interviewer can explain misunderstood questions
• What is a weakness of structured interviews related to honesty?

  Participants may give socially desirable answers
• What is interviewer effect in structured interviews?

  The interviewer's characteristics impact responses
• What characterizes unstructured interviews?

  They resemble a conversation without standard questions
• What is a strength of unstructured interviews regarding data?

  They provide rich, detailed qualitative data
• How can researchers steer unstructured interviews?

  They can probe interesting topics raised by participants
• What is a weakness of unstructured interviews regarding reliability?

  They are difficult to replicate and unreliable
• Why is analyzing qualitative data from unstructured interviews challenging?

  It is time-consuming and varied