Correlation

• What is the main focus of a correlational study?

  To find a relationship between two variables
• How do correlational studies differ from lab experiments?

  Correlational studies do not control variables
• What are the variables in a correlational study called?

  Co-variables
• Why are correlations often used instead of experiments?

  Due to practical or ethical reasons
• What might researchers investigate using a correlational study?

  The relationship between poverty and crime
• How is the relationship between two co-variables represented visually?

  On a scattergram
• What does a positive correlation indicate?

  Both co-variables increase together
• What does a negative correlation indicate?

  As one co-variable decreases, the other increases
• What does no correlation mean?

  No relationship between the co-variables
• What are the strengths of using correlations in research?

  • Examines relationships between existing variables
  • Useful when controlled experiments are not possible
  • Can lead to further research opportunities
• What are the weaknesses of correlations in research?

  • Cannot establish cause and effect
  • Potential influence of unwanted variables
  • Risk of misuse and misinterpretation of data
• What is a critical reminder about correlations?

  Correlation does not equal causation