Unit 2 A&P

• Histology is the microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope
• Skeletal muscle is striated (stripped) and has vountary muscle contraction
• Cardiac muscle is striated with intercalated disks and is involentary
• smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary
• Epithelial tissue regenerative, avascular, colse together cell junctions, polarity (basal/ apical), and basement membrane
• Epithilial tissue gets its nutrients from absorbsion from underlying tissues or the surface.
• Connective tissue is diverse and contains lots of extracellular space that supports and connects diffrent types of tissues and organs in the body
• Epithelial tissues lacks blood vessels, little to no matrix, and has cells that are tightly packed together
• Epithelial tissue lines the internal hollow organs and is continuously scraped off
• Connective tissue you find extensive amounts of collagenous fibers
• Muscular tissue contracts
• Nervous tissue sends electrical signals
• Loose (Areolar) connective tissue is underlying nearly all epithelia
• How many layers of cells is simple columnar epithelial, stratified columnar epithelium, and pseudostratified columnar epithelium? 1 layer
• Which type of cells make cartilage? Chondrocytes
• Where do you find hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage? Hyaline= costal/artichular (trachea), fibrocartilage= intervertebral discs, elastic= external ear
• The layers of the epidermis include the stratum basale,stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
• errector pillia causes the hair to stand erect
• What structures do you find in the dermis? The dermis housesblood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
• What are the most numerous, important, and widespread sweat glands in the body involved in thermoregulation Eccrine sweat glands
• What is the function of sebaceous glands and where do you find them? Sebaceous glands are microscopic glands found in your hair follicles that secrete sebum/oils
• Which is the function of dendritic cells? capture, process, and present antigens to lymphocytes to initiate and regulate the adaptive immune response.
• What glands are active during emotional sweating and sexual activities? Apocrine sweat glands 
• What are the phases of would healing and the function of fibroblasts in the process?inflammation, proliferation and remodeling/Fibroblasts are critical in all three phases, playing a key role in the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components
• What are the functions of melanocytes? provide pigmentation and thus photoprotection from ultraviolet radiation.
• What cells make up the epidermis and the dermis?

  • Keratinocytes.
• What are hair and nails made of? Keratinocytes 
• What are the functions of the skin? The functions of the skin include protection, regulation of body temperature, sensation, and synthesis of vitamin D.
• What is the most common type of skin cancer? Basal cell carcinoma.
• What are the distinguishes 1st, 2nd, and 3rd degree burns?

  first-degree burns: red, nonblistered skin. second-degree burns: blisters and some thickening of the skin. third-degree burns: widespread thickness with a white, leathery appearance.