STAS

• Science, Technology and Society is a kind of human cultural activity practiced by people known as scientists and formerly called natural philosophers and savants.
• Science is the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
• Technology is a complex system of knowledge, skills, people, methods, tools, organization, facilities, materials, and physical resources devoted and directed to the research, development, production, and operation of a new or improved product, process, or service in a reproducible way.
• A society is an organized group of people associated as members of a community.
• Hunter and Gatherer Societies are the most primitive of all societies.
• Manufacturing and Processing Societies marked the start of industrialization with the use of coal.
• Shifting and Farming, such as slash and burn farming, are examples of Hunter and Gatherer Societies.
• Third-Wave technology comprises the post-industrial or the high technologies which are called science-intensive since they are based on the modern scientific knowledge of the structures, properties and interaction of molecules, atoms and nuclei.
• Synthesizing and Recycling Societies produce synthetic food and other resources and recycle nonrenewable resources.
• Agricultural and Mining Societies both depend on the natural resources of the world to sustain the needs of people but both entail the risk of environmental damage.
• Information technology is based on machines that collect, store, process, retrieve, transmit and utilize data or information.
• Geology is a branch of Earth science concerned with both the liquid and solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
• Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter, from the elements that make up matter to the compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions.
• Technology is the extraction, fabrication, processing, combination and synthesis of materials.
• Technology can be classified based on a country’s level of technological sophistication.
• Second Wave technology, also known as Industrial Age, comprises the industrial technologies which were developed since the time of industrial revolution until the end of World War II, and are usually capital-intensive technologies based on the classical principles of classical physics, chemistry and biology.
• First Wave Technology, also known as Agricultural Age, comprises the pre-industrial technologies which are labor-intensive, small-scale, decentralized and based on empirical rather than scientific knowledge.
• Management technology involves planning, organization, coordination and control of social activities.
• An organism is a living entity consisting of one cell such as bacteria, or several cells such as animals, plants and fungi.
• Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena, using mathematics, physics, and chemistry to explain their origin and evolution.
• Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
• Life technology are devices, medicines, procedures and systems designed to preserve, repair, maintain, reproduce and improve living systems.
• Energy technology deals with the distribution of various forms of energy such as solar panels, wind turbines and hydrothermal.
• Equipment in technology is the design and fabrication of tools, instruments, devices and machines.
• Biology is derived from the Greek words /bios/ meaning /life/ and /logos/ meaning /study/ and is defined as the science of life and living organisms.
• Philosophy


  The study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language
• Branches of Philosophy


  • Natural Philosophy
  • Moral Philosophy
  • Metaphysical philosophy
• Martin Heidegger


  German philosopher whose work is associated with phenomenology and existentialism, his ideas have exerted influence on the development of contemporary European philosophy
• Martin Heidegger's work


  • His best-known work is Being and Time (1927)
  • He gave a very impressive analysis of human existence, the prominence of the important themes of existentialism like care, anxiety, guilt and above all death is brought out here
• Heidegger's view on the relationship between human and technology

  A free relationship, if this relationship is free, it opens our human existence to the essence of technology
• Heidegger's definitions of technology

  • Technology is a means to an end (Instrumental definition)
  • Technology is a human activity (Anthropological definition)
• Heidegger's investigation of technology

  1. Portraying it as the building of a path

  2. Examining the common understanding of technology as a neutral instrument under the control of humans

  3. Proposing to get to the true sense via the correct sense

  4. Analysing the notion of instrumentality to reach the truth or the essence of technology- it is traced to causality

  5. Technology is a very particular kind of revealing to, and the description articulates the key terms of Heidegger's philosophy of technology

  6. Discussing the relation of modern science to the essence of technology

  7. The enframing of technology is destiny

  8. There is a twofold danger to destiny

  9. Still the enframing is a disclosure, it involves human being, therefore harbors the possibility of saving power
• Doctrine of causality


  • Causa materialis- the material, the matter out of which an object is made
  • Causa formalis-the form, the shape into which the material enters
  • Causa efficiens- which brings about the effect that is finished
  • Causa finalis- end
• Philosophy


  The study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language
• Branches of Philosophy


  • Natural Philosophy
  • Moral Philosophy
  • Metaphysical philosophy
• Martin Heidegger


  German philosopher whose work is associated with phenomenology and existentialism
• Bringing Forth


  Making something, the bringing forth-poesis-which underlies causality is a bringing out of concealment
• Heidegger's ideas have exerted influence on the development of contemporary European philosophy
• Revealing


  What the Greeks call truth-Aletheia- means unhiddedness or disclosure, technology brings forth as well, and it is a revealing
• Heidegger's best-known work is Being and Time (1927)