★John Stuart Mill (1806-73)

• What is Locke’s view on human nature?

  Though fundamentally rational, human nature is not fixed. Rather, it is forever progressing to another level
• What does self-regarding mean?


  Actions of an individual only affects themselves
• What does other regarding mean?

  Actions of an individual also affects others
• According to Mill, the state should proceed cautiously towards representative democracy, while being mindful of minority rights.
• What does Mill believe is important when extending the franchise?

  Universal education is needed, so that rational decisions are made
• How does ‘other regarding’ actions link to the role of the state (Mill)?


  The state should be involved in ‘other regarding’ actions if they harm the freedom of other individuals
• What is the harm principle?


  The harm principle is the idea that individuals should be free to do whatever they want as long as their actions do not harm others.
• The best society was one where ‘individuality’ co-existed with tolerance and self improvement
• Laissez-faire capitalism was vital to progress , individual enterprise and individual initiative. This would further society