Cranial nerves

• The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) is responsible for taste sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue and motor control of the muscles involved in swallowing.
• Motor fibers of CN V innervate muscles of mastication
• The trigeminal nucleus receives sensory input from the face and teeth via CN V
• CN V (trigeminal) is the largest cranial nerve, with three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
• The mandibular division of CN V carries sensation to the lower jaw, chin, and external auditory canal
• The maxillary division of CN V carries sensation to the lower eyelid, cheek, upper gums, soft palate, and mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and sinuses
• Sensation to the skin of the forehead, scalp, upper eyelid, nose, upper lip, hard palate, and anterior two-thirds of the tongue are carried by the ophthalmic division of CN V
• Facial expression and salivation are controlled by CN VII
• Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by CN VII to the brainstem
• Sensory information from the external ear, tympanic membrane, middle ear, and eustachian tube are transmitted by CN VII to the brainstem
• Facial expression and salivation are controlled by the facial nerve (CN VII)
• Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by the facial nerve (CN VII)
• Sensory fibers of CN V carry sensations from the face, teeth, gums, and mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses
• The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) controls the movement of the tongue.
• The accessory nerve (CN XI) provides motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle.
• The vagus nerve (CN X) innervates various organs including the heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, bladder, and reproductive organs.
• The facial nerve (CN VII) has two branches: motor and sensory
• The motor branch of CN VII controls facial expression and salivation
• The sensory branch of CN VII provides taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
• The ophthalmic division of CN V carries sensation to the forehead, scalp, upper eyelid, nose, and lacrimal apparatus
• Taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by CN VII
• The motor branch of CN VII controls facial expression and movement of the stapedius muscle in the middle ear
• The motor root of CN V supplies the muscles of mastication, tensor tympani muscle, tensor veli palatini muscle, mylohyoid muscle, and anterior belly of digastric muscle.
• The parasympathetic component of CN VII provides secretomotor innervation to lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands.
• The facial nerve has four major branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular
• Cranial Nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear) has two parts: cochlear branch and vestibular branch
• CN VIII consists of the vestibulocochlear nerve
• The facial nerve has both somatic and visceral components.
• The cochlear branch of CN VIII transmits sound vibrations to the inner ear
• The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates taste buds at the posterior third of the tongue
• The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) has both sensory and motor functions.
• The vestibular branch of CN VIII transmits impulses related to balance and equilibrium from receptors located within the inner ear.
• The hypoglossal nerve (XII) controls movements of the tongue.
• The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is the largest cranial nerve and has three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular.
• The spinal accessory nerve (XI) originates from the medulla oblongata and supplies muscles involved in head movement.
• The vagus nerve (CN X) is the longest cranial nerve and has both parasympathetic and sensory functions.
• The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve, with branches that extend throughout the body.
• The hypoglossal nerve controls movement of the tongue
• The vagus nerve (CN X) is the longest cranial nerve and has motor functions such as controlling heart rate, digestion, and speech production
• The accessory nerve provides motor supply to muscles of the neck and shoulder girdle