Mitosis

• Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells
• G0 phase: the resting phase of the cell cycle, where the cell is not dividing. Pause button of cell cycle.

  This may end up becoming permanent (brain cells, neurons, spinal cord) or temporary
• Interphase: The first phase of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows and copies its DNA.
• G1 phase: cell growth and development
• S phase: DNA replication/synthesis
• G2 phase: when organelles needed for cell division are created
• Chromosome: A threadlike structure of DNA that carries genetic information. This is only visible during mitosis when it is condensed.
• chromatid: one of two parts on a replicated chromosome.
• Chromatin is thin
• Sister chromatids: two identical chromosomes that are joined by a centromere
• Centromere: A region of a chromosome where the two chromatids are attached.
• Spindle Fibers: guide wires for chromosome movement
• centriole: each of a pair of minute cylindrical organelles near the nucleus in animal cells, involved in the development of spindle fibres in cell division.
• Prophase: the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears.
• Metaphase: the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibres. Chromosomes line up at the equilatorial or metaphase plate
• Anaphase: the third stage of cell division, between metaphase and telophase, during which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
• Telophase: the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the spindles are broken apart and the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
• Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
• Mitotic Index: the number of cells in mitosis divided by the number of cells
• Telomeres: Protect the ends of chromosomes from damage and shortening. End pieces of DNA that contain junk DNA
• Cancer: cells divide rapidly = tumours

  shorter cell cycle

  release telomerace (enzyme that fixes telomeres (divide endlessly, no limit))
• Monozygotic: Twins that result from a single fertilized egg.
• Dizygotic: Twins that develop from two separate fertilized eggs.