RWS

• Text is generally considered as a written material, especially longer pieces of writing as in a book, a letter or a newspaper.
• Discourse refers to a formal and orderly expression of thought on a subject.
• Text and discourse are connected through cohesion, which is the connection of ideas and sentences between the paragraphs.
• Cohesion in text is achieved by using devices that link ideas such as: furthermore, in addition, to add, secondly, moreover, on the contrary, on the other hand etc.
• Cohesion in discourse is achieved by using devices that link ideas such as: furthermore, in addition, to add, secondly, moreover, on the contrary, on the other hand etc.
• Coherence mainly deals with logic and appropriate organization of the sentences to form meaningful and understandable content.
• Cohesion focuses more on lexical syntax and grammar in sentence formation.
• Coherence is the attribute that is decided by the end-user or reader, which determines whether the content seems meaningful, understanding and useful.
• Cohesion is the writer’s attribute and which is brought by using different techniques like repeated words/ideas, reference words, transition signals, substitution, etc.
• Coherence is the property determined by the reader, which tells the understandability of the article and whether the idea is being conveyed to the reader appropriately.
• Means sticking together different sentences, phrases, and paragraphs with each other.
• Cohesion is completely in the hands of the writer and can be improved by using different techniques.
• Informativity in text focuses on the amount of new information embedded in it.
• A text is written to provide new information or perspective, not a duplication of an already-known concept.
• A writer shall make sure that what he/she is writing is not common knowledge to all.
• Intentionality as a characteristic of a text answers the question: What is the purpose of the writer in writing the text? A text must be written with a purpose whether that is to inform, persuade, or entertain.
• In some cases, a text is written to criticize or just to express one’s opinion.
• When a text has a purpose, intentionality is achieved.
• Acceptability in text refers to the veracity of the information provided.
• How true is the information or ideas expressed? The text shall be accepted by a group or a number of people especially that of the academic community.
• A text shall always conform to the situation.
• Intertextuality refers to the way you understand the succeeding discourse because of the way you interpret the preceding one.
• Intertextuality is the idea that a text exists because of another text.
• Hypothesis refers to the supposition or proposed explanation that is based on limited evidence.
• Hypothesis Testing is a statistical method used in making decisions using experimental data.
• The Null Hypothesis is the initial claim that is based on the previous analyses, that the researcher tries to disapprove, reject, or nullify.
• Between two parameters, the Null Hypothesis shows no significant difference.
• The Alternative Hypothesis is contrary to the null hypothesis, that shows the observations are the result of a real effect.
• An example of a Hypothesis Testing situation is the school record showing that the average score of incoming Grade 11 in math is 81.
• The teacher wants to find out if this claim is true.
• In Hypothesis Testing, the Null Hypothesis is represented as H0: The mean score of the incoming Grade 11 students is 81 or μ = 81.
• The Alternative Hypothesis is represented as Ha: The mean score of the incoming Grade 11 students is not 81 or μ ≠ 81.
• The level of significance in Hypothesis Testing is denoted by α or alpha.
• In rejecting and accepting a hypothesis, 100% accuracy is impossible.
• Hypothesis refers to the supposition or proposed explanation that is based on limited evidence.
• Hypothesis Testing is a statistical method used in making decisions using experimental data.
• The Null Hypothesis is the initial claim that is based on the previous analyses, that the researcher tries to disapprove, reject, or nullify.
• Between two parameters, the Null Hypothesis shows no significant difference.
• The Alternative Hypothesis is contrary to the null hypothesis, that shows the observations are the result of a real effect.
• An example of a Hypothesis Testing situation is the school record showing that the average score of incoming Grade 11 in math is 81.