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Schaffers stages
Shaffer and Emerson study
Evaluation
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Cards (4)
Evaluate good external validity
Carried out in families’ own home
Most observations done by
parents.
Behaviour of babies less likely to Be affected by presence of
observers
.
Natural
behaviour
evaluate longitudinal design
same
children followed up and observed regularly
alternative -
cross-sectional
design which would observer different children at each age.
longitudinal has better
internal
validity because they dont have
confounding
variables of individual differences
what are confounding variables?
an extraneous variables that affect both IV and DV, potentially creating a
false
causal
relationship
Evaluate a limited sample characteristics
All families from same district and social class in same city and at a time over 50 years ago.
All from
Glasgow
and majority were
working
class.
Child-rearing
practices vary across
cultures
ad
historical
periods.
Results don’t
generalise
to other social and historical contexts