Glands

• The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck.

  
• Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are hormones produced by the thyroid gland that regulate metabolism, growth, development, and body temperature.
• Calcitonin regulates calcium levels in the blood.
• Parathyroid hormone increases calcium levels in the blood.
• Adrenal glands produce adrenaline and noradrenaline which increase heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure during stressful situations.
• Adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones such as aldosterone, cortisol, and sex hormones like testosterone and oestrogen.

  
• Adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and noradrenaline which increase heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure during stressful situations.
• Cortisol helps to maintain homeostasis by increasing glucose production from non-carbohydrate sources such as protein and fat.
• Aldosterone maintains water balance by controlling sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
• Sex hormones include testosterone and oestrogen, which control sexual characteristics and reproduction.
• Aldosterone helps to maintain water balance in the body.
• Aldosterone helps maintain water balance and blood pressure.
• The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.
• Cortisol has anti-inflammatory effects and helps with glucose regulation.
• Insulin lowers glucose concentration in the bloodstream.
• Glucagon raises glucose concentration in the bloodstream.
• Steroids have anabolic effects on muscle tissue and promote male characteristics.
• Aldosterone is involved in maintaining water balance by regulating sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
• Testosterone is responsible for male characteristics such as deepening voice, increased muscle mass, and facial hair growth.
• Oestrogens are involved in female sexual development and menstruation.
• The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels.
• Glucagon raises glucose levels in the bloodstream.
• Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, growth, development, and maturation of tissues.
• Glucagon increases blood sugar levels when they are low.
• Insulin regulates metabolism and promotes cell growth.
• Insulin stimulates cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream, leading to decreased blood glucose concentration.
• The hypothalamus secretes releasing factors that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
• The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and secretes two main hormones - T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine).
• The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels rise after eating food.
• Oestrogens are responsible for female characteristics such as breast development, widening hips, and menstruation.
• Hormones are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands that regulate various physiological processes throughout the body.
• Glucagon increases blood glucose concentration when it is low by breaking down stored glycogen into glucose molecules.
• Thyroxin (T4) regulates metabolism and growth.
• Thyroxin (T4) regulates metabolism and growth.
• Somatotropin (growth hormone) stimulates bone growth and muscle development.
• Hypothalamus releases TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).
• Triiodothyronine (T3) regulates metabolism and growth.
• Thyroxin (T4) regulates metabolism, growth, development, and maturation.
• Thyroxin (T4) regulates metabolism, growth, development, and body temperature.
• Calcitonin reduces calcium levels in the blood by inhibiting bone resorption.