The science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substance (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these proce
sses. Chemistry
Anything that takes up space.
Matter
States of matter
Solid, liquid, and gas
Are characteristics of a substance which enable us to identify the substances and differentiate it from other substances.
Properties
Properties can be classified as?
Physical or chemical
Can be observed with an accompanying change in the chemical composition of a substance
Chemical properties
Can be observed without changing the composition of a substance
Physical Property
The appearance or form of the matter changes, but the kind of matter in the substance does not
Physical Change
The kind of matter changes and at least one new substance with new properties is formed
Chemical Change
It is the simplest type of matter that is composed of only one kind
of atom
Element
Is composed of two or more elements combined chemically is definite proportions
Compound
Compounds may be classified as either _______ and _____ ionic depending on the nature of the elements that comprise them
covalent and ionic
It is the general term used to describe any atoms that are connected by chemical bonds
Molecule
It is a molecule made of atoms from different elements
Compound
All compound are ________, but not all molecules are ________
Molecules and Compound
It can be decomposed into their constituent elements only through chemical means
Compound
Water (H20) can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen through a process called
Electrolysis
In homogenous, HOMO means
one
It has uniform composition and properties as seen by the naked eye
Homogenous mixture
It is a homogenous mixture of substances and can be physically combined in varying proportions
solution
They are made up of two or more substances that are only physically combined and thus can be separated into their components through simple physical means
Mixtures
Is the substance that gets dissolved
Solute
Is the one that does the dissolving
Solvent
In Heterogenous, HETERO means
two
Have two or more phases and do not have a uniform composition
Heterogenous mixtures
Particles are seen through a flashlight
Colloids
Colloids, which are also called _________ ___________, are heterogenous mixtures that have bigger particles than those of a solution but smaller than those of a suspension.
Colloidal dispersions
Are heterogenous mixtures where the suspended particles can be seen and are large enough to be filtered
Suspensions
Methods of separating mixtures
Magnetic separation, Decantation, Evaporation, Sublimation, Filtration, Distillation and Chromatography
Magnets are normally used to remove magnetic solids from the nonmagnetic components of a mixture(example : sand and iron filings)
Magnetic separation
Is a process of separating the liquid from the solid component of a mixture, pouring out the liquid carefully, without the sediment being disturbed so that it remains at the bottom(example : separate rocks from water by pouring the water out)
Decantation
It is a technique that is used in separating a mixture, usually a solution of a solvent and a soluble solid. In this method, the solution is heated until the organic solvent evaporates where it turns into a gas and mostly leaves behind the solid residue(example : take away sugar from sugar solution)
Evaporation
it is used for the separation of solid-solid mixture where one of the components sublimes (converts from solid state to gaseous state without forming a liquid) upon heating, leaving behind the other components that are non-sublime ( example : change solid into gas)
Sublimation
It is a separation technique used to separate the components of a mixture containing an undissolved solid in a liquid (example : separate sand from water)
Filtration
It is the process of separating the components of a liquid mixture through selective evaporation and condensation ( example : create pure water from salt water)
Distillation
It is the method used to separate components of different degrees of solubility using a moving and a stationary fluid. This method works in separating the color pigments of ink (example: determine the components of a pen's ink)
Chromatography
It is any item often bought for consumption
Consumer products
It is a product or service intended for personal use by consumers rather than industrial use (example : toothpaste, soap, shampoo)
One commonly encountered class of consumer products are convenience products
Household cleaning products and personal care products