chemistry

• 1. The science that deals with the properties, composition, and structure of substance (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these proce

  sses. Chemistry
• Anything that takes up space. 


  Matter
• States of matter

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• Are characteristics of a substance which enable us to identify the substances and differentiate it from other substances. 


  Properties
• Properties can be classified as? 


  Physical or chemical
• Can be observed with an accompanying change in the chemical composition of a substance


  Chemical properties
• Can be observed without changing the composition of a substance

  Physical Property
• The appearance or form of the matter changes, but the kind of matter in the substance does not 


  Physical Change
• The kind of matter changes and at least one new substance with new properties is formed


  Chemical Change
• It is the simplest type of matter that is composed of only one kind

  of atom

  Element
• Is composed of two or more elements combined chemically is definite proportions


  Compound
• Compounds may be classified as either _______ and _____ ionic depending on the nature of the elements that comprise them

  covalent and ionic
• It is the general term used to describe any atoms that are connected by chemical bonds

  Molecule
• It is a molecule made of atoms from different elements

  Compound
• All compound are ________, but not all molecules are ________


  Molecules and Compound
• It can be decomposed into their constituent elements only through chemical means 


  Compound
• Water (H20) can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen through a process called 


  Electrolysis
• In homogenous, HOMO means

  one
• It has uniform composition and properties as seen by the naked eye 


  Homogenous mixture
• It is a homogenous mixture of substances and can be physically combined in varying proportions

  solution
• They are made up of two or more substances that are only physically combined and thus can be separated into their components through simple physical means

  Mixtures
• Is the substance that gets dissolved

  Solute
• Is the one that does the dissolving 


  Solvent
• In Heterogenous, HETERO means

  two
• Have two or more phases and do not have a uniform composition

  Heterogenous mixtures
• Particles are seen through a flashlight

  Colloids
• Colloids, which are also called _________ ___________, are heterogenous mixtures that have bigger particles than those of a solution but smaller than those of a suspension.

  Colloidal dispersions
• Are heterogenous mixtures where the suspended particles can be seen and are large enough to be filtered

  Suspensions
• Methods of separating mixtures

  Magnetic separation, Decantation, Evaporation, Sublimation, Filtration, Distillation and Chromatography
• Magnets are normally used to remove magnetic solids from the nonmagnetic components of a mixture(example : sand and iron filings)

  Magnetic separation
• Is a process of separating the liquid from the solid component of a mixture, pouring out the liquid carefully, without the sediment being disturbed so that it remains at the bottom(example : separate rocks from water by pouring the water out)

  Decantation
• It is a technique that is used in separating a mixture, usually a solution of a solvent and a soluble solid. In this method, the solution is heated until the organic solvent evaporates where it turns into a gas and mostly leaves behind the solid residue(example : take away sugar from sugar solution)

  Evaporation
• it is used for the separation of solid-solid mixture where one of the components sublimes (converts from solid state to gaseous state without forming a liquid) upon heating, leaving behind the other components that are non-sublime ( example : change solid into gas)

  Sublimation
• It is a separation technique used to separate the components of a mixture containing an undissolved solid in a liquid (example : separate sand from water)

  Filtration
• It is the process of separating the components of a liquid mixture through selective evaporation and condensation ( example : create pure water from salt water)

  Distillation
• It is the method used to separate components of different degrees of solubility using a moving and a stationary fluid. This method works in separating the color pigments of ink (example: determine the components of a pen's ink)

  Chromatography
• It is any item often bought for consumption

  Consumer products
• It is a product or service intended for personal use by consumers rather than industrial use (example : toothpaste, soap, shampoo)
• One commonly encountered class of consumer products are convenience products

  Household cleaning products and personal care products
• The most commonly used cleaning products are

  Bleach, soaps, and detergents