cognitive approach to explaining depression

• What is Beck's Cognitive Triad?


  Beck's theory that certain thinking patterns make people more vulnerable to depression.
• What are cognitive biases?

  Distorted thinking patterns that focus on the negative aspects of a situation.
• What is are two examples of a cognitive bias?

  Overgeneralization: making sweeping conclusions based on a single incident. Catastrophizing: exaggerating a minor setback and believing it's a complete disaster.
• What are negative self-schemas?

  Negative beliefs about oneself developed during childhood.
• What can negative self-schemas result from?

  Negative experiences such as criticism from parents, peers, or teachers.
• What are three examples of a negative self-schema?

  Ineptness schema: expecting to fail in everything. Self-blame schema: feeling responsible for any misfortunes. Negative self-evaluation schema: constantly feeling worthless.
• What is the negative triad?

  The three negative and irrational views that maintain depression: ourselves, our future, and the world around us.
• What are the three components of the negative triad?

  Negative and irrational views of ourselves, our future, and the world around us.
• What is good mental health according to Ellis?

  Result of rational thinking, happiness, pain-free.
• What is the ABC model proposed by Ellis?

  Three-stage model explaining how irrational thoughts lead to depression.
• What is the Activating Event in the ABC model?


  An event that occurs, triggering a response.
• What is the Belief in the ABC model?

  Interpretation of the event, can be rational or irrational.
• What is a rational interpretation of an event?

  Understanding the event from a logical perspective.
• What is an irrational interpretation of an event?

  Misinterpreting the event based on irrational thoughts.
• What is the Consequence in the ABC model?


  Emotional outcome resulting from the belief.
• What are the consequences of rational beliefs?

  Healthy emotional outcomes.
• What are the consequences of irrational beliefs?

  Unhealthy emotional outcomes, including depression.
• Give an example of a rational interpretation of an event.

  Friend being busy and not noticing your greeting.
• Give an example of an irrational interpretation of an event.


  Believing your friend dislikes you based on their behavior.
• What is the recommended response to a rational interpretation?

  Talking to the friend later to check on them.
• What is the recommended response to an irrational interpretation?


  Ignoring the friend and cutting off contact.
• What is the cognitive explanation of depression?

  Depression is caused by negative, irrational thoughts.
• What is cognitive bias?

  Misinterpreting information negatively.
• What is cognitive triad?

  Feeling hopeless about the future.
• What did Boury et al. (2001) find?

  Depressed patients have cognitive bias and cognitive triad.
• What happened when Bates et al. (1999) gave depressed patients negative automatic thought statements to read?

  Their symptoms became worse
• What is a strength of the cognitive explanation of depression?

  It has led to effective treatments for depression.
• How does the cognitive explanation of depression relate to therapy?

  It has led to the development of effective treatments like CBT and REBT.
• What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?

  Therapy that challenges negative thoughts.
• What is Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

  Therapy developed from Ellis's ABC model.
• What do CBT and REBT aim to do?

  Identify and challenge negative, irrational thoughts.
• What is the impact of the cognitive explanation of depression on the quality of life of those with depression?


  It has improved their quality of life.
• What is a weakness of the cognitive approach?

  It does not explain the origin of irrational thoughts.
• What is a possible cause of depression according to the weakness of the cognitive approach?

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• What is the potential relationship between depression and negative thoughts according to the weakness of the cognitive approach?


  Depression may lead to negative thoughts.
• What is the validity of the cognitive explanation of depression?

  It is increased by the presence of different cognitions in depressed patients.
• What is the potential cause of negative, irrational thoughts according to the cognitive explanation of depression?


  Depression.
• What is the potential relationship between negative, irrational thoughts and depression according to the cognitive explanation?

  Negative thoughts may be a symptom of depression.