Adaptations related to function

• What is the definition of cell adaptation?

  Structural and functional changes in cells
• Why do cells undergo adaptation?

  To perform specific roles efficiently
• How might a cell adapt to a high-salt environment?

  By altering its membrane permeability
• What is the function of mitochondria in sperm cells?

  They provide energy for movement
• What are the key structures and their functions in the human sperm cell?

  • Acrosome: Contains enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the egg
  • Nucleus: Contains the genetic material (DNA)
  • Mitochondria: Produce ATP to power the sperm's movement
  • Axoneme: Provides the structure for the sperm's tail and enables motility
• What is the name of the fluid-filled region inside the human ovum (egg)?

  Cytoplasm
• What is the name of the structure in the sperm cell that produces ATP for energy?

  Mitochondria
• How does the long tail of a sperm cell assist in its function?

  It enables swimming towards the egg
• What is the name of the structure that contains the digested food molecules?

  Lumen
• What is the name of the highly folded cell membrane?

  Highly folded cell membrane
• What is the name of the structure that surrounds the lumen?

  Intestine wall
• What are the key components of the intestinal epithelial cell (animals)?

  • Lumen
  • Intestine wall
  • Digested food molecules
• How do structural changes in cells assist in adaptation?

  They enable cells to meet environmental needs
• What is the significance of cell adaptation in an organism?

  It allows cells to efficiently perform functions
• What is the role of the acrosome in sperm cells?

  It contains enzymes to penetrate the egg
• What are root hair cells specialized for?

  Absorption
• How do the camel's nostrils help it survive in the desert?

  They can close to keep out sand during sandstorms
• What are the two main types of cell adaptations?

  Structural and functional
• How do the key components of the root hair cell (plants) and the intestinal epithelial cell (animals) differ?

  Plants:

  • Root hair cell with highly folded cell membrane
  • Absorbs water and nutrients from soil

  
  

  Animals:

  • Intestinal epithelial cell lining the intestine
  • Absorbs digested food molecules from the lumen
• What are the key components of the root hair cell (plants)?

  • Root
  • Soil
  • Root hair
  • Highly folded cell membrane
  • Water molecules
• How do adaptations help organisms?

  They enhance survival in specific environments
• What are intestinal epithelial cells specialized for?

  Absorption
• How do long eyelashes and closable nostrils benefit camels?

  They protect against sand in the desert
• If you wanted to study the external features of a cell in detail, which type of cell would you observe?

  Root hair cell (plants)
• How do intestinal epithelial cells increase their efficiency in absorption?

  By having finger-like villi
• How do root hair cells increase their efficiency in absorption?

  By having a long extension
• What does the convergent evolution of root hair cells and intestinal epithelial cells demonstrate?

  Similar adaptations for efficient absorption
• What does the hump of a camel store?

  Fat reserves for energy storage
• How do adaptations support function in species?

  They allow species to fill different ecological niches
• Where are intestinal epithelial cells located?

  In the intestine wall
• What are the key adaptations of the camel that help it survive in the desert?

  • Humps that store fat for energy
  • Wide, flat feet to distribute weight and prevent sinking in sand
  • Nostrils that can close to keep out sand
  • Thick fur coat that insulates against heat
  • Ability to go for long periods without water
• What are the functions of root hair cells and intestinal epithelial cells?

  • Root Hair Cell:
  • Water/mineral absorption
  • Intestinal Cell:
  • Food/nutrient absorption
• What is the purpose of thick fur and padded feet in camels?

  They protect against extreme temperatures
• What adaptations do camels have for desert survival?

  • Long eyelashes and closable nostrils
  • Thick fur and padded feet
  • Hump for fat storage
  • Leathery mouth for tough plants
• Why is a leathery mouth beneficial for camels?

  It allows eating tough desert plants
• How do camels conserve water in the desert?

  • Lose very little water through sweating
  • Concentrate urine to minimize water loss
  • Tolerate high body temperatures to reduce water loss
  • Obtain water from the breakdown of fat in their humps
• What is the purpose of the camel's wide, flat feet?

  To distribute the camel's weight and prevent it from sinking into the sand
• What is the name of the structure that contains the genetic material in the sperm cell?

  Nucleus
• What are the structural adaptations of root hair cells and intestinal epithelial cells for absorption?

  • Root Hair Cell:
  • Long extension
  • Intestinal Cell:
  • Finger-like villi
• Why do camels have humps on their backs?

  The humps store fat that can be used as a source of energy when food and water are scarce