Diagnosis Classification Systems

• What is a classification system in clinical psychology?

  A checklist of signs/symptoms for diagnosis
• What does the DSM provide?

  Criteria necessary to diagnose mental disorders
• What does the ICD contain?

  All physical and mental disorders
• How is the ICD used internationally?

  It monitors incidence and prevalence of illnesses
• What is validity in the context of classification systems?

  Whether it measures what it claims to
• What does internal validity refer to?

  Results affected solely by the manipulated variable
• What did Hoffmann (2002) study reveal about the DSM?

  It is a valid classification system for diagnoses
• What was the main finding of Rosenhan's study?

  Pseudopatients were misdiagnosed with schizophrenia
• What does concurrent validity refer to?

  Agreement between two diagnostic measures
• What is predictive validity?

  Ability to predict future patient behaviors
• What did Jansson's study find about the ICD?

  It had different symptoms for schizophrenia
• What is a limitation of classification systems?

  They may be reductionist and oversimplify disorders
• What is a case formulation?

  A detailed assessment of a patient's life
• What does reliability measure in diagnosis?

  Consistency of the diagnosis over time
• What is test-retest reliability?

  Same diagnosis over time for the same patient
• What does PPV stand for?

  Positive predictive value
• What did Mason et al (1997) find about the ICD?

  It predicted disability in schizophrenia patients
• What did Cheniaux et al's study reveal?

  ICD diagnosed schizophrenia more frequently than DSM
• What is inter-rater reliability?

  Agreement between independent psychiatrists' diagnoses
• What is Cohen's Kappa?

  A measure of diagnostic agreement
• What did Brown's study find about the DSM?

  It had good to excellent reliability for diagnoses
• What boundary problem was found in Brown's study?

  PTSD was underdiagnosed due to symptom overlap
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of classification systems in clinical psychology?

  Strengths:

  • Provide structured criteria for diagnosis
  • Can predict outcomes and disabilities

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • May oversimplify complex disorders
  • Can lead to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis
• How do the DSM and ICD differ in their diagnostic approaches?

  • DSM focuses on mental disorders
  • ICD includes both physical and mental disorders
  • DSM is primarily used in the USA
  • ICD is used internationally