Philosophy

• reason


  man's rational faculty
• faculty of reason


  the gift of God to man, where man shares with the divine quality of God
• Aristotle


  views are scrutinized by the faculty of realm in man, which according to ________, separate man from animals and plants
• practical wisdom


  deals with the knowledge in the realm of action (empiricism!)
• theoretical wisdom


  to know necessary truths and their logical consequences
• 2 kinds of wisdom


  1. theoretical wisdom,

  2. practical wisdom
• Aristotle


  his philosophy contradicts Plato and Socrates' philosophies
• empiricism


  Aristotle's primary philosophy
• Aristotle


  known to be the teacher of Alexander the Great
• Aristotle


  he studied under the supervision of Plato in his academy
• philosophical reflection


  is indispensable because man do not realize what man truly believes in until man are challenged to defend them
• Socratic method


  the series of questioning and inquiry that Socrates employed in engaging in philosophical reflection
• Plato


  he proposed that philosophical reflection is necessary in the life of every person
• 3 claims in Plato's Apology


  1. Know thyself,

  2. The unexamined life is not worth living,

  3. Virtue is knowledge of good and bad
• Socrates


  known teacher of Plato
• Socrates


  put on the trial in alleged heresy and corrupting the minds of the youth
• Socrates


  was described as the ugly man who often walked barefoot and used the same clothes whenever
• Athens


  Socrates lived in ______ at the height of its civilization
• Socrates


  the father of western philosophy
• ethics


  also asks about the fine details of moral conduct, such as how much moral consideration one ought to give to non-human animals and how much one ought to give to the poor
• ethics


  asks theoretical questions about the foundations of morality, such as whether right or wrong should be understood in a consequentialist or deontological way
• ethics


  investigates both the nature of right and wrong and good and evil
• politics


  addresses questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public agents and institutions and the relationships between them
• politics


  the philosophical study of the government
• aesthetics


  "what are your bases of judgment to say that a painting is beautiful? how does a panel of judges decide who wins a pageant? how are paintings priced?"
• aesthetics


  philosophers analyze whether beauty is based on utility, experience, form, pleasure, or expression
• aesthetics


  concerned with the analysis of aesthetic judgment, standards of beauty, and objectivity of these standards
• aisthetikos


  Greek word for sensitive or perceptive
• aesthetics


  investigates the nature of things such as beauty and art
• 3 branches of axiology


  1. aesthetics,

  2. politics,

  3. ethics
• logos


  Greek word for science of
• axios


  Greek word for worthy
• axiology


  an umbrella term for different studies that center upon the nature of different types of value
• metaphysics


  "what is reality? what is its purpose? does God exist?"
• metaphysics


  they reason about things such as whether or not people have free will, how it is that brains are able to generate minds, and whether or not there is a god
• metaphysics


  analyzes whether everything is material, and if life, energy, and mind are its different manifestations
• metaphysics


  ask what kinds of things exist and what they're like
• metaphysics


  literally means "after physics"
• metaphysics


  the study of the nature of things and reality
• epistemology


  "what is knowledge? how do we acquire it? is there an objective truth?"