Piliavin and Levine

• Difference- Data

  Piliavin- both quantitative (percentage of helpers and time taken to help) and qualitative data (comments from passengers on why they didn’t help) collected.

  Levine- only quantitative data collected (the percentage of help received in different cities for comparison)
• Similarity- Sampling Method

  Piliavin- opportunity sampling- making use of the 4450 passengers using the trains to measure helping

  Levine- opportunity sampling- making use of people in the cities at the point of the scenarios being created to see who helps