nsci225 lc#1

• during an AP, does K+ rush in or out of the axon?

  K+ rushes out of the axon
• what has to occur during an AP (think abt penny activity)?

  Na+ has to come in BEFORE K+ can leave
• The Perceptual Process?

  Label

  A) Environmental stimulus

  B) stimulus on the receptors

  C) transduction

  D) processing

  E) perception

  F) recognition

  G) action

  
• What is the perceptual process?

  environmental stimulus -> stimulus on receptors -> transduction -> processing -> perception -> recognition -> action
• which psychophysical method is this?

  method of limits

  A) ascending

  B) descending

  
• which psychophysical method could use a volume knob in a car stereo?

  method of adjustment
• which psychophysical method is this?

  method of constant stimuli

  
• in this example, who has a lower threshold (& can hear "better")?

  Laurie

  
• what are the classical psychophysical methods?

  method of constant stimuli, method of adjustment, method of limits
• Neuron Anatomy Practice

  A) myelin sheath

  B) axon

  C) soma

  D) nucleus

  E) dendrites

  
• which eye disorder is this?

  cataracts

  
• which eye disorder is this?

  glaucoma

  
• which eye disorder is this?

  macular degeneration

  
• Receptors ________ have no light on them, but they would

  be inhibited by the light on their neighbors, so they

  would decrease their firing below baseline?

  2 & 7

  
• We know receptors __________ would be firing more than baseline,

  because the light is on them?

  3 thru 6

  
• Receptors _________ each are getting inhibition from both sides, while ____________ are getting half as much inhibition, because __________ are not in the light (and therefore are not sending inhibition)?

  4 & 5; 3 & 6; 2 & 7

  
• Which center-surround structure do these ganglion cells have?

  Label

  A) ON-center, OFF-surround

  B) OFF-center, ON-surround

  
• Visual information is contained in light that is reflected from the _________?

  environmental stimulus
• _____ ____ = brighter perception?

  larger amplitude
• Label eye

  A) Lens

  B) Cornea

  C) Pupil

  D) Iris

  E) Blind spot

  F) Fovea

  G) Retina

  H) Optic Nerve

  
• what lightwave quality is how much achromatic light (white/black) is mixed in?

  purity
• what is the smallest amount of a stimulus energy necessary to detect a stimulus?

  absolute threshold
• what is the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected by the subject?

  difference threshold (DL)
• what is weber's law?

  DL = K x S
• which summation has multiple income inputs from various parts of the same dendrite?

  spatial summation
• which summation has multiple occurring inputs on the same dendrite?

  temporal summation
• Nearsightedness is also known as?

  myopia
• Farsightedness is also known as?

  hyperopia
• which eye disorder has the opposite effect of Macular degeneration?

  Retinitis Pigmentosa
• When the retina absorbs a photon of light, it changes shape. This is called?

  isomerization
• Are there more rods or cones in the retina?

  rods
• Nasal or Temporal? LVF projects to the ______ retina for the Left Eye and the _______ retina for the Right Eye?

  temporal; nasal
• what are the small cell bodies like P-cells, but these receptive fields are spread across retina and they have a number of functions?

  konicellular
• Information is passed from the _____ onto the Primary Visual Cortex?

  LGN
• what part of the eye is the transparent structure behind the pupil?

  lens
• what part of the eye is the fluid in front of the lens?

  aqueous humor
• what part of the eye is the fluid behind the lens?

  vitreous humor
• with astigmatism, the cornea is ____, causing a blurred distorted image?

  misshapen
• when the lens clouds over from protein build-up, this eye disorder is?

  cataracts
• Light that’s entering the eye from far away is bent too much and image is focused in front on the retina. Which eye disorder is this?

  myopia