Chapter Three

• Musculoskeletal system


  Consists of the skeletal and muscular system. They work together to support the body and allow movement.
• The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments, and tendons.
• Ossification


  The formation of bone from fibrous tissues that continues until maturity.
• Osteoblasts


  Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue
• Oste/o, oss/e, and oss/i


  Bone
• -blasts


  Immature
• Osteoclasts


  Phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of long bone.
• -clasts


  Break
• Osteocytes


  Mature osteoblasts
• Hematopoietic


  Pertaining to the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and clotting cells. Seen in red bone marrow.
• Hemat/o


  Blood
• -poietic


  Pertaining to formation
• Medullary cavity


  Inner space of long bone that contains yellow blood marrow
• Cartilage


  Connective tissue that is more elastic than bone
• Articular cartilage


  A specific type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces of bone
• Meniscus


  Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions force applied to the joint. Includes the canine stifle
• Chondr/o


  Cartilage
• Epi-


  Above
• Physis


  growth
• dia-


  Between
• Peri-


  Surrounding
• -um


  Structure
• Endo-


  Within, inner
• Meta-


  Beyond
• Cortical or compact bone


  Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone.
• Cortex


  Bark or shell in Latin
• Cancellous or spongy bone


  Lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones
• Cancellous


  Latticework in Latin
• Epiphysis


  Wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and is composed of cancellous bone
• Proximal epiphysis


  Wide end located nearest the midline of the body
• Distal epiphysis


  Wide end located farthest away from the midline of the body
• Diaphysis


  Shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone
• Physis, growth plate, or epiphyseal cartilage


  Cartilage segment of long bone that involves growth of the bone
• Metaphysis


  Wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis. Considered part of the epiphysis in adults
• Periosteum


  Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone
• Endosteum


  Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity
• Long bones


  Bones consisting of a shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity. Includes the femur
• Short bones


  Cube shaped bones with no marrow cavity. Includes carpal bones
• Flat bones


  Thin, flat bones. Ex: pelvis
• Pneumatic bones


  Sinus containing bones. Ex: frontal bone