History - Normans

• What did most people do in Anglo Saxon England?

  Peasant Farming
• Who became king of England in 1042?

  Edward the Confessor
• What were the names of the four English earldoms?

  Wessex, Northumbria, Mercia and East Anglia
• Which family was in charge of Wessex?

  Godwins
• With which area did England do most of its trade?

  Scandinavia
• What was the Witan?

  Advisors to the king and who were nobles from leading families
• What did Harold Godwinson become in the late 1050s?

  Sub-regulus
• Who were the four claimants to the English throne?

  Harold Godwinson, Harald Hardrada, William Duke of Normandy and Edgar Aethling
• Who became king of England on January 6th 1066?

  Harold Godwinson
• What did the pope give William Duke of Normandy in 1066?

  Papal Banner
• The first army to invade England was led by whom?

  Harald Hardrada
• Which of Harold Godwinsons brothers joined Hardrada?

  Tostig (half brother)
• What was the name of the battle between the Norwegians (Hardrada) and Anglo Saxons?

  Battle of Fulford Gate
• Who led the Anglo Saxons in the Battle of Fulford Gate?

  Earls Edwin and Morcar
• Who won the battle of Fulford Gate on the 20th September 1066?

  Harald Hardrada (Norway and Tostig)
• What was the name of the second battle between Hardrada and Godwinson?

  ?Battle of Stamford Bridge
• When did the battle of Stamford bridge take place?

  25th September 1066
• Who won the battle of Stamford Bridge?

  Harold Godwinson (Anglo Saxons)
• When did William Duke of Normandy arrive in England?

  28th September 1066
• What prevented William from arriving in England sooner?

  The weather was too bad to sail across
• Where did William and his army land?

  Pevensey
• When did the Battle of Hastings take place?

  14th October 1066
• How many troops did the Normans and Anglo Saxons have?

  7000 each
• What three types of troops made up the English army?

  Housecarls, thegns and fyrd
• How did all the English fight?

  ?on foot
• What formation did the English use?

  Shield wall (defensive)
• What type of soldiers did the Norman’s have?

  Knights (cavalry), foot soldiers (infantry) and archers
• where did the English line up?

  On top of Senlac Hill
• what type of armour did the soldiers wear

  chainmail
• who did most of the attacking in the battle of Hastings

  the normans
• what was the turning point of the battle of Hastings

  the normans feigned retreat tactic
• why was the normans feigned retreat tactic good in the battle of Hastings

  the English shield wall was weakened and began to break up
• what happened to Harold godwinson in the battle of Hastings

  he was killed
• who won the battle of Hastings

  William the conquerer
• when was William crowned king of England

  Christmas Day 1066
• what was a vassal

  a person who promised to be loyal and serve their lord militarily in return for land
• what happened to the English lords who promised to be loyal to William after he became king

  they were allowed to keep their land
• what did many English people do against the normans after the crowning of William

  rebelled against them
• why did King William carry out his series of attacks against the north of England in 1069

  in reprisal for a rebellion against him
• what was the series of attacks ordered by king William against the north of England in 1069 called?

  The Harrying of the north