1. weimar politics

• 1871-1918 Imperial Germany or the Kaiser Reich
• In 1923 Ebert used the emergency powers over 100 times to control the hyperinflationary crisis.
• Hindenburg is elected President of the Republic in 1925 and again in 1932.
• Muller's Grand Coalition is formed in 1928
• Bruning is chancellor between 1930 and 1932
• Von Papen is Chancellor between 1932 and 1933
• In 1800 there had been 400 states, this was reduced to 39 in the German Confederation in 1815
• In 1834, Austria created free trade area (Zollverein)
• January 1871 became the birth of the Second Reich
• In the Kaiserreich men could vote for the Reichstag assembly every 3 years
• There were 26 states in the Kaiserreich.
• The Kiel Mutiny of 1918
• 293,000 died of starvation in 1918
• The USPD, the KPD, the DNVP and the NSDAP were all hostile to the republic.
• The SPD, the ZP and the DDP were supportive of the republic
• The DVP were initially suspicious of the republic but supported it after 1924
• The Weimar constitution featured civil rights such as travel, free speech and religious freedoms.
• Under the Weimar Constitution, all men and women over 20 elected their president every 7 years.
• In the Weimar constitution the Reichstag could overrule the Reichsrat with a 2/3 majority.
• In the Kaiserreich, many states, like Prussia, the right to vote was based on wealth
• In the Weimar constitution the number of states was reduced to 18
• Parties get one seat for every 60,000 votes they recived
• In the last three years the emergency powers were used 5 times in 1930, 44 times in 1931 and 60 times in 1932.
• The democratic state government in Prussia was removed in 1932 using Article 48
• The KPD won over 70 seats in 1930
• In 1924 Ernst Thalman (KPD) gained 13%
• The USPD disbanded in the mid 1920s
• The SPD led most of the coalitions
• Between 1919 and 1933 there were 20 separate coalition governments. The longest only lasted 2 years.
• The KPD offered a general strike to oppose Hitler in January of 1933 but the SPD opposed the suggestion.
• Stresseman's DVP only managed 10% of the vote in 1924 and less than 5% from 1930.
• The DDP won 18% in 1919 but less than 5% in 1928 and 1% in November of 1932.
• The KPD had over 360,000 members by 1932.
• In November 1932 the KPD had 100 seats
• The Red Fighting League had over 130,000 members.
• In 1929 30 Red Front members were shot by Berlin police
• In June 1932, 99 people died and 125 were wounded in the street fights between the SA and the Red Front.
• In November 1932 the NSDAP won 196 seats in the Reichstag. Hitler won 30% of the presidential vote.
• Ebert Groener Pact of 1919 secured the support of the army.
• Von Papen lifted the ban on the SA and offered Hitler a position as Vice Chancellor