hormones

• what are hormones produced in and secreted by?

  endocrine glands
• what does the thyroid gland produce?

  thyroxine
• what does thyroxine do?

  regulates metabolism rate, heart rate and temperature.
• what does the adrenal gland produce?

  adrenaline
• what does adrenaline do?

  prepares the body for a 'flight or fight' response.
• what does the pancreas produce?

  insulin and glucagon, both involved in regulating blood glucose.
• what does insulin do?

  regulates blood glucose levels.
• what do the testes produce?

  testosterone
• what do the ovaries produce?

  estrogen
• what does testosterone do?

  controls puberty and sperm production in males.
• what does estrogen do?

  involved in the menstrual cycle.
• what is the pituitary gland produce?

  growth hormones
• what do growth hormones do?

  influence height and help build bones and muscles.
• how are neurones and hormones different?

  • neurones: fast action, act for a short time, act on a precise area.
  • hormones: slower action, act for a long time, act in a more general way.
• who do neurones have fast action?

  some information needs to be passed on to effectors really quickly (pain signals).
• where are the 2 adrenal glands?

  above each kidney
• why is the thyroid gland?

  in our neck
• where is the pituitary gland?

  in the brain and is linked to the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland releases hormones in response to changes detected by the hypothalamus.
• how is the endocrine system different to the central nervous system?

  the endocrine system coordinates the body's response to envirnomental changes using chemical messages (hormones). The CNS uses electrical impulses.
• what are the features of the CNS?

  • triggers rapid response
  • uses electrical signals that are carried by neurones
  • response is very short
  • acts on a very precise part of the body
• what are the features of the endocrine system?

  • triggers a slower response
  • uses chemical messengers that are carried around by blood
  • responses can be long lasting
  • can act on large areas of the body
• what basic response order do both control systems follow?

  • receptor cells (detect changes in the envirnment).
  • coordination centres (process information).
  • effectors (muscles/glands that bring about a response).