1.1.2 Forces of Conservatism

• The Catholic Church:

  1. Supported monarchies and dictatorships
  2. Pope Pius XI feared democracy, socialism and communism
  3. Was growing concerned about increasing anti-clericalism from the working class
• The traditional links between the Church and monarchy meant that former supporters of the king were quick to defend the Church
• The Army:

  1. Had failed to improve the lives of the poor
  2. Was blamed for the collapse of the Spanish Empire
  3. Was considered a drain on economic resources when so many lived in poverty
• By 1931 military leaders argued that they had a duty to defend Spain from internal threats and preserve both Spanish culture and Catholic values
• Landowners:

  1. Could hire and dismiss workers at will
  2. Feared democracy would allow poor people to enhance their rights