Interpreting information from graphs

• Pathogens are disease-causing viruses, bacteria, fungi or protists, which can infect animals and plants.
• Humans have an immune system, which can defend them from pathogens.
• Viral diseases, bacterial diseases, protist diseases, and fungal diseases are all types of pathogens.
• Pathogens can be prevented from spreading by following hygiene measures such as washing hands and disinfecting surfaces.
• Non-specific human defence systems against disease include the skin, which acts as a barrier, and the mucous membranes, which trap pathogens.
• The immune system in defence against disease includes the innate immune system, which is the first line of defence, and the adaptive immune system, which remembers and responds to pathogens.
• The UK Government records annual statistics about the numbers of sexually transmitted diseases.
• The instances of syphilis and gonorrhoea are sexually transmitted diseases, which are bacterial diseases, and they are close to each other in terms of transmission and symptoms.
• The number of diagnoses of syphilis from 2006 to 2015 is shown in a line graph.
• The number of diagnoses of gonorrhoea from 2006 to 2015 is also shown in a line graph.