B1.3 Respiration

• Aerobic respiration = glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water +(energy)
• Anaerobic respiration in animals = glucose -> lactic acid
• Benedict's reagent = used to test for reducing sugars, glucose turns from a blue solution to brick red
• Iodine = used to test for starch, turns black as a positive result
• Biuret's reagent = tests for protein (peptide bonds) and turns from a blue solution to violet
• Ethanol/Acid = tests for lipids, emulsion test
• Respiration = A chemical reaction that releases energy in ATP, happens in the mitochondria of every living thing
• Living organisms need energy to: repair damaged tissue, grow and build large molecules from smaller ones
• Carbohydrates are large molecules that are synthesised from simple sugars
• What is the reagent that tests for reducing sugars and turns red?

  Benedict's
• What is the reagent that tests for protein (peptide bonds) and turns violet?

  Biuret
• What is used to test for starch?

  Iodine
• Cellular respiration is a continuously occurring chemical process which is universal and occurs in all living cells. It is exothermic and releases energy (in the form of ATP) from the breakdown of organic compounds.
• An exothermic reaction is one that releases energy in the form of heat or light.
• Lipids are large molecules that are made of three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol
• Lipids are large molecules that are made of three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol
• Proteins are large molecules synthesised from amino acid monomers.
• Proteins are large molecules synthesised from amino acid monomers.
• Glucose symbol equation:  C6 H12 O6
• Lactic acid symbol equation: C3 H6 O3
• Lactic acid symbol equation: C3 H6 O3
• Glucose symbol equation:  C6 H12 O6
• Aerobic respiration in animals balanced equation: C6 H12 06 + 602 = 6CO2 + 6H20 basically after glucose add a big six to all of them.
• Protein molecule linked with respiration = ATP synthase
• Anaerobic respiration in plants - glucose = carbon dioxide + ethanol
• Anaerobic respiration in plants - glucose = carbon dioxide + ethanol
• Living things breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide
• Anaerobic respiration in plants is also referred to as alcoholic fermentation
• Carbon dioxide makes limewater go cloudy
• Starch is broken down by amylase into glucose.
• Plants store glucose in their stems leaves and roots as starch
• Animals store glucose as glycogen in the muscle
• Protease breaks down protein molecules into amino acids
• Glycerol is broken down into 3 fatty acids by lipase
• Lipids are not made of monomers like carbohydrates and proteins.
• Ethanol is used to test for lipids and positive result turns colour cloudy/milky
• Ethanol is used to test for lipids and positive result turns colour cloudy/milky
• A substrate for aerobic respiration is glucose
• Aerobic respiration: 38 ATP
• Anaerobic respiration: 2 ATP