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• n = the total number of population
• A literature review or narrative review is a type of review article.
• A literature review is a scholarly paper, which includes the current knowledge including substantive findings, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a topic.
• Literature reviews are secondary sources, and do not report new or original experimental work.
• Literature and studies are compilation of local and foreign, scholarly and non-scholarly works, which has a significant contribution to the research topic.
• The purpose of a literature review is to gain better and in-depth understanding of the study focus, examine research gaps, and gain insights from previous studies.
• Characteristics of a literature review include being relevant, recent, and sufficient.
• Literature sources include books, professional journal articles, newspapers, magazines, letters, interviews, biographies.
• Studies can be peer-reviewed research journals, unpublished thesis and dissertation, and government reports.
• Plagiarism is the act of passing off somebody else's ideas, thoughts, pictures, theories, words, or stories as your own.
• RA 8293 Part IV Chapter 1 Sec.171.7 – The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines - protects and secures the exclusive rights of scientists, inventors, artists and other gifted citizens to their intellectual property and creations.
• Citation is a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in a scholarly work, it also includes the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifier).
• APA Citation Style (American Psychological Association)
• MLA Citation Style (Modern Language Association)
• Chicago Modern Style
• A conceptual framework is to see the basic form of the study, to know the key concepts, and to logically explain a certain occurrence phenomenon.
• Locale of the study refers to the states where the research will be conducted.
• A research method is a strategy used in the collection of data for analysis to come up with new information or to understand a particular topic or phenomenon.
• Theories are developed by researchers to explain phenomena, draw connections, and make predictions.
• Inferential statistics are ways to infer or make judgements about the respondents through hypothesis testing and using tests of significance.
• Sampling is a technique of selecting individual members or a subset of the population to make statistical inferences from them and estimate the characteristics of the whole population.
• A theoretical framework is a foundational review of existing theories that serves as a roadmap for developing the arguments you will use in your own work.
• Percentage is the proportion or share in relation to a whole.
• Statistical treatment of data contains all the formulas utilized in the entire research process.
• A research instrument contains what tool was used in proceeding with the entire research.
• Sample is a group of individuals that represent the population.
• A research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose in order to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby ensuring you will effectively address the research problem.
• Validation of the research instrument is to ensure that the instrument used is measuring what it is supposed to measure.
• The formula of percentage is: p = f/n x100%.
• Data gathering procedure is a detailed journal on how the researcher gathered the necessary information from libraries visited up to the implementation of survey questions.
• When paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to represent the author's information or opinions.
• Population refers to the complete group of people, animals or objects that have the same characteristics that the research needs.
• Descriptive statistics are procedures that researchers used to describe data.
• Frequency count is the number, proportion, or percentage of items in a category in a set of data.
• A population and sample of the study refer to the research subject and research participants (qualitative) or respondents (quantitative), respectively.