Opinions of Jews

• During Alexander II's reign, Anti-semitism had existed among the poorer elements in society who not only hated Jews because of the teachings in the Orthodox Church but also resented their money lending and personal riches.
• Nevertheless, Alexander II had allowed the wealthier Jews to settle elsewhere until the Polish revolt frightened him into withdrawing his concessions and reducing participation of Jews in town government. This action encouraged the growth of Anti-semitism
• Anti-semitism was further encouraged in the reign of Alexander III by ministers such as Pobedonostsev who used inflammatory logans such as 'Beat the Yids- save Russia' Suggested that 'one third should emigrate, one third should die and the other third should assimilate.
• Alexander III was himself Anti-semitic, largely on religious grounds. However, he also had political concerns. The right wing Russian press had helped encourage the belief that Jews had orchestrated Alexander II's assassination and there was a real fear of Jewish involvement in growing opposition movements.