NUTRI: INTRODUCTION

• Diet: the foods and beverages a person eats and drinks.
• Nutrients: the substance that enables cells and tissues to carry out vital functions.
• Energy: the capacity to do work.
• The energy in food is chemical energy.
• The body can convert this chemical energy to mechanical, electrical, or heat energy.
• Nutrition: A science of food and nutrients and other substances they contain, and of their actions within the body.
• Nutrition includes the social, economic, cultural, and psychological implications of food and eating.
• Foods: products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissues.
• Carbohydrates, Lipids (fats), Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, and Water are the six classes of nutrients.
• Foods rich in the energy-yielding nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein) provide the major materials for building the body’s tissues and yield energy for the body’s use or storage.
• Energy is measured in kcalories.
• Vitamins, minerals, and water facilitate a variety of activities in the body.
• Nutritional genomics: the science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the interactions between diet and disease.
• Conducting research in nutrition involves using the scientific method to gather information.
• In a research project, the hypothesis is an educated guess, the control group is a group of individuals similar in all possible respects to the experimental group except for the treatment, the experimental group is a group of individuals similar in all possible respects to the control group except for the treatment, the subjects are the people or animals participating in the research project, the theory is a tentative explanation that integrates many and diverse findings to further the understanding of a defined topic, and the variables are factors that change.
• Marasmus is a severe manifestation of protein-energy malnutrition that occurs as a result of total calorie insufficiency.
• Methodology: The methodology section defines key terms and describes the instruments and procedures used in conducting the study.
• Introduction: The introduction clearly states the purpose of the current study.
• Scientists learn about nutrition by conducting experiments that follow the protocol of scientific research.
• Common Malnutrition Diseases include Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, and Anemia.
• Randomization: A process of choosing the members of the experimental and control groups without bias.
• A healthy diet is low in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars.
• A healthy diet stays within your daily energy needs for your recommended body weight.
• Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells.
• Conclusions: The conclusions drawn are those supported by the data and reflect the original purpose as stated in the introduction.
• Kwashiorkor is a disease marked by severe protein malnutrition and bilateral extremity swelling.
• Results: The results report the findings and may include tables and figures that summarize the information.
• Deficiencies include Calcium (Osteoporosis, Rickets, Tetany), Iodine deficiency (Goiter), Selenium deficiency (Keshan disease), Iron deficiency (Iron deficiency anemia), and Zinc (Growth retardation).
• Symptoms of Marasmus include sunken eyes, poor growth, thin and bony face, ribs clearly visible through skin, and anemia.
• Symptoms of Kwashiorkor include growth failure, loss of muscle mass, generalized swelling (edema), decreased immunity, and a large, protuberant belly.
• Abstract: The abstract provides a brief overview of the article.
• Possible symptoms of anemia include tiredness, weakness, shortness of breath, pale or yellowish skin, and dizziness or lightheadedness.
• In designing their studies, researchers randomly assign control and experimental groups, seek large sample sizes, provide placebos, and remain blind to treatments.
• A healthy diet emphasizes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free and low-fat milk products.
• References: The references reflect the investigator’s knowledge of the subject and should include an extensive list of relevant studies (including key studies several years old as well as current ones).
• Placebo: An inert, harmless medication given to provide comfort and hope; a sham treatment used in controlled research studies.
• Such research has laid the foundation for quantifying how much of each nutrient the body needs.
• Review of literature: A comprehensive review of the literature reveals all that science has uncovered on the subject to date.
• The characteristics of well-designed research have enabled scientists to study the actions of nutrients in the body.
• A healthy diet includes lean meats, poultry, fish, legumes, eggs, and nuts.