Nationalism is a belief or ideology that emphasizes the importance of one's own nation, often leading to conflicts with other nations.
The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa in 1807
Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Europe in Berne and Young Italy in Marseilles
In January 1871, the Prussian King, Kaiser William I, was proclaimed German Emperor
In 1859, the Austrian-Habsburgs were defeated in the north under Chief Minister Cavour.
In 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi led the soldiers (peasants) to march into the south of Italy and drive out the Spanish rulers.
Minister Otto Van Bismark was known as the Architect of Germany
Giuseppe Mazzini was sent to exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria.
Italy was divided into seven states in the middle of the nineteenth century, and among all the seven states, Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house
The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’
In 1815, the Bourbon dynasty was restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon
The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free.
In 1834, a customs union or Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states.
In 1789, Nationalism came with the French Revolution
the Civil Code of 1804, known as the Napoleonic Code, did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property
the Treaty of Constantinople of
1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation
The Greek War of Independence in 1821 mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe in 1830-1848
Duke Metternich remarked “when France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold”
Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were known as the Slavs.
A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman empire
Marianne was the allegory of France and her characteristics were drawn from those of Liberty and Republic —the red cap, the tricolour and the cockade
Liberalism stood for freedom of markets and abolition of state imposed restriction
Giuseppe Mazzini was a member of the Secret Society of the Carbonari
Ireland was forcibly incorporated in United Kingdom in 1801
the British Flag - Union Jack
Conservative regimes imposed censorship laws to control what was said in newspapers, books, plays and songs and reflected the ideas of liberty and freedom
Artists of the time of the French Revolution personified liberty as a female figure
the term liberalism derives from its Latin root liber, meaning free.
For the new middle class, liberalism stood for freedom and equality before the law
Since the french revolution, liberalism has stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges.
Romanticism is a cultural movement that sought to develop a particular kind of nationalism
Languages were also used to develop nationalism and to unite people.
In Poland, they were divided by the Great Power but the nationalist feelings were kept alive via songs and folklore
The German states were divided into a confederation of 39 separate states with separate currencies, weights and measures.
Frederic Sorrieu presented the utopian vision in his prints in 1848 to rise the feeling of nationalism as well as fraternity among the world.
Otto Van Bismarck - Germany
Autocratic conservative regimes were set up in 1815 in Europe.
Romantic poets didn't believe in glorifying science, logic and reason to instil nationalism, they believed in feelings and emotions
Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century until the Treaty of Constantinopole in 1832
Chancellor Duke Metternich hosted the Treaty of Vienna