Research Methods

Created by

Megan

Cards (115)

Which variable is measured?
Dependent variable
Which variable is changed?
Independent variable
What are the strengths of correlation analysis?
It uses naturally occurring variations in the independent variable and shows the strength of the relationship between the IV and DV
What is a limitation of correlation analysis?
It is difficult to establish cause and effect and has low levels of control over extraneous variables
What are the strengths of laboratory experiments?
They have high levels of control over extraneous variables and can establish cause and effect
What are the limitations of laboratory experiments?
They have low mundane realism and high demand characteristics
What are the strengths of field experiments?
They have high mundane realism and low demand characteristics
What are the limitations of field experiments?
They have low levels of control over extraneous variables and a lack of informed consent
What are the strengths of natural experiments?
They have low levels of harm and high ecological validity
What are the limitations of natural experiments?
They have low levels of control over extraneous variables and it is hard to establish cause and effect
What is a laboratory experiment?
In a controlled environment
What is a field experiment?
In a natural environment
What is a natural experiment?
Uses a naturally occurring difference in the independent variable
What is a repeated measures design?
Uses the same participants in all conditions
What are the strengths of repeated measures?
It removes individual differences and clearly shows the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable
What are the limitations of the repeated measures?
It has high demand characteristics and order effects are likely
What is an independent groups design?
It uses different participants in each condition
What are the strengths of independent groups?
It removes order effects and makes demand characteristics less likely
What are the limitations of independent groups?
It has individual differences and twice as many people are needed
How to balance order effects?
Counter balancing (ABBA) or randomisation (AB or BA)
How to control extraneous variables?
random allocation of participants or standardisation
How to reduce demand characteristic?
single blind technique where the participant doesn’t know which condition they have been allocated to
How to reduce experimenter effects?
double blind technique where neither the participant nor experimenter knows who’s been allocated to which condition
How to overcome deception?
debriefing or prior general consent
How to overcome lack of informed consent?
presumptive or prior general consent
How to overcome harm?
debriefing
How to overcome right to privacy?
informed consent
How to overcome right to withdraw?
debriefing or reminders
What is a strength of the mean?
It represents all scores
What is a limitation of the mean?
It can give peculiar outcomes
What is a strength of the mode?
It is not distorted by extreme scores
What is a limitation of the mode?
It only represents the most frequent score
What is a strength of the median?
It is not distorted by extreme scores
What is a limitation of the median?
It only represents the middle data set
What is a strength of the range?
It is easy to calculate
What is a limitation of the range?
It is distorted by extreme scores
What is a strength of standard deviation?
It uses all scores
What is a limitation of standard deviation?
It is difficult to calculate
What are the strengths of random, stratified, and systematic sampling?
They have high population validity and low experimenter bias
What are the limitations of random, stratified, and systematic sampling?
They can have low population validity and are impractical