Gestational Conditions (OB)

• HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM - most severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
• HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM - Characterized by persistent nausea and vomiting associated with ketosis and weight loss
• High HCG levels that cause transient hyperthyroidism.
• Hepatic dysfunction - Impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Due to the accumulation of fatty acids in the placenta and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species
• Helicobacter pylori - A bacterium found in the stomach that may aggravate nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
• Active peptic ulcer - caused by H pylori infection
• Hyperacuity - of the olfactory system. The smell of cooking food, particularly meats, triggers nausea
• SPONTANEOUS ABORTION - Loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation without outside intervention
• Threatened - bright red and scant vaginal bleeding. there is the presence of a viable pregnancy with a closed cervix
• Inevitable abortion - Imminent , cervix has dilated. Membranes have ruptured. The products of conception remain in utero. There are uterine contractions. Bleeding within 2 hours and ceases within 2 day
• Complete abortion - Refers to the spontaneous passage of all the products (fetus, membrane, placenta) of conception. does not require medical treatment
• Incomplete abortion - Part expelled usually the fetus and membranes and placenta retained
• Missed abortion - Early pregnancy failure. Characterized by intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and retention of the products of conception. Fetus died 4-6 weeks before symptoms
• Recurrent abortion - Habitual aborters. A history of 3 or more spontaneous pregnancy losses at the same gestational age
• Chorioamnionitis - uterine infections
• Asherman syndrome - occurs following curettage of the uterus. Severe degrees of intrauterine adhesions
• Bicornuate uterus - is the most common malformation
• HYDATIDIFORM MOLE - A rare mass or growth that forms inside the womb (uterus) at the beginning of a pregnancy. A type gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)
• Choriocarcinoma - A cancerous form of GTD
• INCOMPETENT CERVIX - A condition that occurs when weak cervical tissue causes or contributes to premature birth or the loss of an otherwise healthy pregnancy. Painless dilatation
• cervical cerclage - a procedure that closes the cervix with strong

  sutures
• Marginal - The placenta is next to cervix but does not cover the opening
• Partial - The placenta covers part of the cervical opening
• Complete - The placenta covers all of the cervical opening
• PLACENTA ABRUPTIO - Separation of the placenta before the baby is delivered
• PREECLAMPSIA - A pregnant woman develops high blood pressure and protein in the urine after the 20th week (late 2nd or 3rd trimester) of pregnancy
• Magnesium Sulfate - Smooth muscle relaxant. Used for severe preeclampsia
• Loading dose 4 to 6 grams IV over 20 minutes
• Maintenance 0 to 2 grams/hr IV
• Calcium gluconate- antidote of Magnesium sulfate
• PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES - Bag of Water break before a woman goes into labor
• Preterm premature rupture of membranes - If the water breaks before the 37thweek of pregnancy
• Dysuria - painful urination
• Pyuria - presence of pus in the urine
• Lipid alterations - Higher levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and phospholipids
• They have demonstrated that daughters born from a pregnancy complicated by hyperemesis had a 3% risk of having hyperemesis in their own pregnancy.
• Women who were born after an unaffected pregnancy of hyperemesis had a risk of 1.1%
• ptyalism - excessive saliva
• Nutrition supplementation standard method has been via total parenteral nutrition
• Ectopic - Pregnancy that occurs outside the womb. It is life-threatening to the mother. Usually occurs distal third of the fallopian tube (Ampullar)